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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid under Drought Stress Improves Growth, Yield and Allometry of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)},pdfauthor={Safdar Hussain, Javaid Iqbal, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Abscisic acid, drought stress, exogenous application, growth, sunflower, yield components},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid under Drought Stress Improves Growth, Yield and Allometry of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Safdar Hussain, College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, Agronomy, College of Agriculture, 32200~Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{safdarb1184@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Safdar Hussain$^{1}$, Javaid Iqbal$^{2}$, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, Agronomy, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, Agronomy, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Agronomy, }}}
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\index[author]{Hussain, Safdar}
\index[author]{Iqbal, Javaid}
\index[author]{Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Drought is a very serious menace to agricultural productivity. Growth, yield, allometry, water relations and oil contents of sunflower are severely reduced by drought. Foliar application of abscisic acid (ABA) at bud or at flower initiation stages of sunflower helps in improving them by mitigating the adverse effects of water deficits. Exogenous application of ABA to sunflower hybrid Hysun-33 following different irrigation schedules was carried out at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan for two consecutive years; 2008 and 2009. Three irrigation schedules viz. four irrigations (25 DAS, bud initiation, flower initiation and achene formation), three irrigations (25 DAS, flower initiation and achene formation) and three irrigations (25 DAS, bud initiation, and achene formation) were subjected to exogenous application of different concentrations (0, 5$\mu$m and 10$\mu$m) of ABA at bud initiation or at flower initiation of sunflower. Drought stress either at bud or at flower initiation and exogenous application of ABA under no drought stress significantly reduced biological yield, harvest index, leaf area index, crop growth rate, plant height, head diameter, number of achenes per head, 1000-achene weight, achene yield, oil yield, achene oil contents, oil quality, water potential, relative leaf water contents, turgor pressure  and benefit cost ratio (BCR) while exogenous application of ABA under drought improved leaf osmotic potential, leaf glycinebetaine contents, leaf proline contents and leaf total soluble sugars. More improvement in growth, yield, allometry and water relations of sunflower was observed when ABA under drought was applied at bud initiation than at flower initiation.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Abscisic acid, drought stress, exogenous application, growth, sunflower, yield components
\index[key]{Abscisic acid}
\index[key]{Drought stress}
\index[key]{Exogenous application}
\index[key]{Growth}
\index[key]{Sunflower}
\index[key]{Yield components}
\end{document}