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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Mutual Effect of Sesame, Cotton and Green Gram: a Pot Study under Replacement Series},pdfauthor={Javaid Iqbal, Adnan Noor Shah, Ejaz Ahmad Khan},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Allelopathy, cotton, green gram, mutual effect, replacement series, sesame},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Mutual Effect of Sesame, Cotton and Green Gram: a Pot Study under Replacement Series\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Javaid Iqbal, College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, Agronomy, House No.30 Street No.1 Three Marla Scheme Model Town Ext., 32200~Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{javaidleghari@hotmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Javaid Iqbal$^{1}$, Adnan Noor Shah$^{2}$, Ejaz Ahmad Khan$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$College of Agriculture, Dera Ghazi Khan, Agronomy, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Agronomy, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Agronomy, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Iqbal, Javaid}
\index[author]{Noor Shah, Adnan}
\index[author]{Ahmad Khan, Ejaz}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Choice of crops in an intercropping system plays a vital role in increasing the productivity. It is possible to utilise companion plants that have no deleterious effects on neighbour crops and can be included in intercropping system thus a mean of contributing to sustainable Agriculture. In mixed culture, replacement method, in which differing densities of a neighbour species are planted, has been used to study phytotoxic/competitive effects. In this experiment sesame, cotton and green gram were sown in pots with density of three plants pot$^{-1}$. Three possible combinations i.e. sesame- cotton (3--0, 2--1, 1--2, 0--3), sesame"=green gram (3--0, 2--1, 1--2, 0--3), cotton"=green gram (3--0, 2--1, 1--2, 0--3) were studied.  Cotton plant height was increased as the number of sesame and green gram plants were increased by decreasing cotton plants pot$^{-1}$. But other cotton parameters like root length, shoot and root dry weight, sympodial branches, boll weight, number of bolls per plant, 100-seed weight and seed cotton yield were significantly decreased by increasing sesame plants while these cotton parameters were improved by increasing green gram plants consequently decreasing sesame populations. Ginning out turn was not affected by both sesame and green gram. Similarly sesame plant height was improved by increasing the number of cotton and green gram plants pot$^{-1}$ by reducing sesame plants pot$^{-1}$. Sesame root length, shoot and root dry weight, number of capsules plant$^{-1}$, number of seeds capsule$^{-1}$, seed yield pot$^{-1}$ were inhibited by cotton and improved by green gram. 1000 seed weight was not affected by cotton and green gram plant densities variations. The effect of sesame and cotton was deleterious against green gram. All the parameters studied i.e. shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, number of branches, pods and seeds plant$^{-1}$, 1000 seed weight, seed yield plant$^{-1}$ and nodulation were significantly reduced as the sesame and cotton plant numbers were increased by decreasing green gram population. During the study it can be concluded that high stature crops as main crop can be grown with short stature leguminous crops as companion crop. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Allelopathy, cotton, green gram, mutual effect, replacement series, sesame
\index[key]{Allelopathy}
\index[key]{Cotton}
\index[key]{Green gram}
\index[key]{Mutual effect}
\index[key]{Replacement series}
\index[key]{Sesame}
\end{document}