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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Response of Rice Genotypes to Different Soil Moisture Regimes and Ph Levels},pdfauthor={Maya Subedi, Christine Kreye, Mathias Becker},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Aerobic rice, Genotype, Micronutrients, Soil Moisture, Soil pH},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\begin{document}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Response of Rice Genotypes to Different Soil Moisture Regimes and Ph Levels\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Maya Subedi, Unversity of Bonn, Germany, Agriculture Science and Resource Managment in the Tropics and Subtropics, Altedorf  Strasse-69, Stuttgart, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mayasub2003@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Maya Subedi$^{1}$, Christine Kreye$^{2}$, Mathias Becker$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Unversity of Bonn, Germany, Agriculture Science and Resource Managment in the Tropics and Subtropics, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Bonn, Plant Nutrition in the Tropics and Subtropics, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) - Plant Nutrition, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Subedi, Maya}
\index[author]{Kreye, Christine}
\index[author]{Becker, Mathias}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Aerobic rice, a system where adapted rice cultivars are grown in non"=flooded and non"=saturated soil, may be an alternative cultivation technique to conventional lowland rice in water scarce areas. However, when aerobic rice is grown in soils of relatively high pH it may suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. We tested five rice genotypes in a greenhouse pot experiment (Bonn, Germany) during the vegetative stage for their response to two soil moisture regimes (aerobic and flooded) at three pH levels (approximately 5, 6.5 and 7.5) in terms of biomass accumulation and micronutrient (Fe, Zn, Mn) contents. The genotypes were Apo, IR78877--208-B$^{-1}$-2 and CT6510--24-1--2 as improved upland, and IR72 as improved lowland genotypes (\textit{Oryza sativa}), and the upland genotype CG14 (\textit{Oryza glaberrima}). Over all genotypes and pH levels, aboveground biomass accumulation was \mbox{36\,\%} higher under flooded than aerobic conditions; uptake of Fe and Mn increased by \mbox{47\,\%} and \mbox{48\,\%}. Zn uptake was highest under aerobic conditions at low pH. At both soil moisture regimes, biomass accumulation and micronutrient uptake were lowest at high pH. Under aerobic conditions, IR72 tended to reduce biomass least, \mbox{34\,\%} from low pH to high pH soil compared to 56--\mbox{70\,\%} in the other genotypes. Also from aerobic low pH- to high pH soil conditions, SPAD values in IR72 declined only by \mbox{6\,\%}  while the reduction in the other genotypes ranged from  12 to \mbox{16\,\%} In high pH aerobic soil, average shoot micronutrient contents were  433 mg Mn kg$^{-1}$, 91 mg Fe kg$^{-1}$, and 24 mg Zn kg$^{-1}$. Fe and Zn content and uptake tended to be highest in IR72 and IR78877--208-B$^{-1}$-2 but there were no significant differences among genotypes for Zn. At medium and low pH, Zn contents were significantly highest in IR72, and IR78877--208-B$^{-1}$-2 tended to have highest Fe contents. During the early vegetative stage under aerobic high pH soil, the lowland genotype IR72 outperformed the upland adapted genotypes. As our data did not indicate critically low Mn, Fe or Zn contents reduced micronutrient uptake was not immediately evident as a cause for reduced biomass accumulation. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Aerobic rice, Genotype, Micronutrients, Soil Moisture, Soil pH
\index[key]{Aerobic rice}
\index[key]{Genotype}
\index[key]{Micronutrients}
\index[key]{Soil!Moisture}
\index[key]{Soil!pH}
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