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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Evaluation of Different NPK Levels on the Growth and Productivity of Garlic (\textit{Allium sativum} L.)},pdfauthor={Niaz Ahmed Wahocho, Khalid Hussain Talpur, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Garlic, NPK levels},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Evaluation of Different NPK Levels on the Growth and Productivity of Garlic (\textit{Allium sativum} L.)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Niaz Ahmed Wahocho, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Horticulture, Teacher's Hostelsindh Agriculture University Colony, 70060~Tando Jam, Hyderabad, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{niazhorticulturist@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Niaz Ahmed Wahocho$^{1}$, Khalid Hussain Talpur$^{2}$, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Horticulture, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan, Soil Science, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan, Agronomy, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Wahocho, Niaz Ahmed}
\index[author]{Talpur, Khalid Hussain}
\index[author]{Kandhro, Muhammad Nawaz}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
A field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different NPK levels on the performance of garlic at Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam during winter 2008--09. The experiment was laid out in three replicated randomised complete block design having net sub"=plot size of 10.5m$^{2}$. Six NPK levels including a control (0--0-0, 60--50-40, 80--70-60, 100--90-80, 120--110-100, 140--130-\mbox{120\,kg} ha$^{-1}$) were applied. The results revealed that all the growth and yield contributing characters of garlic were affected significantly ($p < 0.01$) due to increasing levels of NPK fertilisers. However, the differences almost for all the growth and yield characters were statistically non"=significant ($p > 0.05$) when140--130-\mbox{120\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ was compared with 120--110-\mbox{100\,kg} ha$^{-1}$. This suggested that the optimum NPK level was 120--110-\mbox{100\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ which remained economical for garlic production under Tando jam conditions. The higher NPK level of 140--130-120 and 120--110-\mbox{100\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ produced plant height 38.73 and \mbox{37.28\,cm}, number of leaves 14.95 and 14.23 plant$^{-1}$, cloves 32.47 and 29.43  blub$^{-1}$ ,single bulb weight 29.57 and 28.88 g and yield ha $^{-1}$ of 9332.0 and \mbox{9303.3\,kg}. The NPK level of 100--90-\mbox{80\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ produced plant height of \mbox{33.93\,cm}, number of leaves 30.37 plant$^{-1}$, cloves 27.23 bulb$^{-1}$, single bulb weight 24.43 g, and yield ha$^{-1}$ of \mbox{7441.3\,kg}. The NPK level of 80--70-\mbox{60\,kg} ha $^{-1}$ produced plant height of \mbox{30.87\,cm}, number of leaves 12.35 plant$^{-1}$, cloves 23.30 bulb$^{-1}$ single bulb weight 18.90 g, and yield ha$^{-1}$ of \mbox{6701.7\,kg}. The NPK when applied at the rate of 60--50-\mbox{40\,kg} ha$^{-1}$ produced plant height of \mbox{27.33\,cm}, number of leaves 10.62 plant$^{-1}$, cloves 18.83 bulb$^{-1}$, single bulb weight 15.40g, and yield ha$^{-1}$ of \mbox{6022.0\,kg}. On the contrary, the lowest values for all the growth and yield contributing characters were recorded from the plots left untreated (control) where no fertiliser applied. In untreated plots, plant height was \mbox{20.30\,cm}, number of leaves7.57 plant$^{-1}$, cloves 11.50 bulb $^{-1}$, single bulb weight 9.17 g, and yield ha$^{-1}$ of \mbox{3090.3\,kg}. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Garlic, NPK levels
\index[key]{Garlic}
\index[key]{NPK Levels}
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