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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Rethinking the Role of Livestock in Food Security --- An Analysis from Southern Africa},pdfauthor={Andre van Rooyen, Sabine Homann-Kee Tui},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food security, gender, livestock, market development, southern Africa},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Rethinking the Role of Livestock in Food Security --- An Analysis from Southern Africa\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sabine Homann-Kee Tui, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), PO Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{s.homann@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Andre van Rooyen, Sabine Homann-Kee Tui}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Zimbabwe}}}
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\index[author]{van Rooyen, Andre}
\index[author]{Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
When attempting to enhance food security, organisations and governments have tended to focus mainly on crop production. However, livestock plays an important role by reinforcing the four pillars of food security (availability, access, utilisation and stability). Using data from ICRISAT work in southern Africa this paper discusses this role and suggests avenues to strengthen the livestock sub"=sector's contribution to food security.



Livestock contribute directly to food availability by providing nutritious flow products (milk, eggs and meat). Meat and milk are among the top three reasons why farmers keep livestock. Livestock also contribute to crop production by providing draft power and manure, making an indirect yet important contribution to food availability. 



Most farmers surveyed identified cash as the most important function of livestock. Almost \mbox{50\,\%} of the transactions carried out with this cash are to buy food that cannot be produced on"=farm. Livestock therefore increase households' access to food and make them more resilient in times of social and economic strife. 



Through livestock, food utilisation is enhanced and also made more equitable as certain species (small and micro"=stock in particular) with their strong gender affiliations allow women and children greater entitlement to the products and the cash earned from sales. Food security is stabilised through the provision of flow products and by allowing households to acquire food throughout the year. 



We believe that developing a market"=based livestock sector can contribute substantially to achieving food security at the household level. Beyond food security, livestock contribute significantly to income generation, human health and education, building a stronger local economy. It is therefore critical for livestock to be considered and included in discussions of food security in southern Africa.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food security, gender, livestock, market development, southern Africa
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Gender}
\index[key]{Livestock}
\index[key]{Market!development}
\index[key]{Southern Africa}
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