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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Growth of Pigs Fed with \textit{Vigna unguiculata} Herbage Meal as Protein Supplement},pdfauthor={Patricia I. Sarria, Luis Fernando Rivera, Roberto Araujo, Michael Peters, Siriwan Martens},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cowpea, growing pigs, herbaceous legume, herbage meal, protein, tropical forage, Vigna unguiculata},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Growth of Pigs Fed with \textit{Vigna unguiculata} Herbage Meal as Protein Supplement\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Patricia I. Sarria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL), Sede Palmira, Department of Animal Science, Carrera 32 Chapinero via Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{pisarriab@palmira.unal.edu.co}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Patricia I. Sarria$^{1}$, Luis Fernando Rivera$^{1}$, Roberto Araujo$^{1}$, Michael Peters$^{2}$, Siriwan Martens$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL), Sede Palmira, Department of Animal Science, Colombia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages, Colombia}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Sarria, Patricia I.}
\index[author]{Rivera, Luis Fernando}
\index[author]{Araujo, Roberto}
\index[author]{Peters, Michael}
\index[author]{Martens, Siriwan}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Smallholder pig producers in tropical countries often have limited access to
 protein concentrates or are confronted with fluctuating, often high
 prices, which decrease their profit considerably. Thus, the suitability
 of cowpea (\textit{Vigna unguiculata}), an herbaceous annual legume, which could
 be grown on"=farm in a range of different subhumid and humid tropical
 environments, was assessed as a protein supplement.



Fourteen female pigs (Piétrain-Large White\,$\times$\,Landrace-Large White) were
 utilised to evaluate the productive behaviour in the phase of 25--\mbox{60\,kg}
 live weight, being fed with cowpea herbage meal (\textit{Vigna unguiculata}
 9611) as partial protein supplement. They were kept in individual units
 with feeder and sipper tubes. A completely randomised block design with
 3 treatments and 5 replicates was employed. The diets were balanced in
 protein, energy and fiber according to their theoretical chemical
 composition to equally nutritive contribution for fattening pigs with
 high genetic potential, thus: Control (a mix of maize, soy, wheat bran
 and vegetable oil), cowpea \mbox{15\,\%}, cowpea \mbox{30\,\%} (cowpea meal representing
 15 or \mbox{30\,\%} of the protein of the diet). The adaptation period was 7
 days, the measuring period 49 days. The diet was offered according to
 the appetite of the pigs during the week of acclimatisation, \textit{i.e.}, 90 g
 dry matter (DM)/kg metabolic live weight (LW\textsuperscript{0.75}). This quantity was
 maintained throughout the experiment, distributed in 2 rations per day.



There were no significant differences ($p > 0.05$) between treatments
 for the variables dairy live weight gain (640$\pm$100, 570$\pm$30 and 590$\pm$50
 g), daily feed consumption (1582 $\pm$ 82, 1484 $\pm$ 91 and 1590 $\pm$ 35\,{g}\,{d}\textsuperscript{-1}),
 daily feed consumption in terms of kg DM/ LW\textsuperscript{0.75} (84.8 $\pm$ 1.8, 84.1 $\pm$
 2.1 and 85.1 $\pm$ 1.0\,{g}\,{kg}\textsuperscript{-1} LW\textsuperscript{0.75}), nor in terms of feed conversion
 (2.49, 2.59 and 2.69). It was concluded that an inclusion of \mbox{33\,\%}
 cowpea herbage meal in the total diet can give good growth results.



}

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\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cowpea, growing pigs, herbaceous legume, herbage meal, protein, tropical forage, \textit{Vigna unguiculata}
\index[key]{Cowpea}
\index[key]{Growing pigs}
\index[key]{Herbaceous legume}
\index[key]{Herbage meal}
\index[key]{Protein}
\index[key]{Tropical forage}
\index[key]{Vigna unguiculata@\textit{Vigna unguiculata}}
\end{document}