\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Utilisation of Poplar Bark in a Three"=layer Particleboard},pdfauthor={Javad Torkaman},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bark Extractive Materials, Populus Deltoides, Populus Euramerican, Shear and Bending Strength, Thickness Swelling, Water absorption},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Utilisation of Poplar Bark in a Three"=layer Particleboard\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Javad Torkaman, University of Guilan ,faculty of Natural Resources, Forestry, P.O. Box 1144 Sowmehsara  Iran, 0131~Rasht, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{j_torkaman@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Javad Torkaman}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Guilan ,faculty of Natural Resources, Forestry, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Torkaman, Javad}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In this study the possibility of particle board manufacture by the application of particles of bark of \textit{Populus deltiodes} and \textit{P. eurAmerican} trees has been taken into account. The variables under the study are the amount of the bark at four levels of 0, 15, 25 and 35 percent, the press temperature of 170\textdegree{}C and 180\textdegree{}C and press time of 5 and 7 minutes .The amount of Formaldehyde urea stick are taken to be 10  percent stable. The preparation of test samples for the measurement of mechanical and physical properties under the study including bending strength, shear strength parallel to the plane ,water absorption have been done in according to DIN.



The results show that the amount of the bark has direct effect on the boards. If the amount of bark in the raw material is increased , the shear and bending strength will be decreased and the water absorption rate and thickness swelling will be increased. The results indicates that the manufactured boards with 35 percent of the bark have acceptable shear and bending strength in comparison to the standard .The maximum bending strength relates to zero and 15 percent \textit{Populus deltiodes} bark consumption and 5 minute press and 170°C and the maximum shear strength is related to 0 and 15 percent \textit{P. eurAmerican} bark consumption with the time of 5 minutes and press temperature of 170°C .The minimum water absorption and thickness swelling (2 and 24 hours) zero and 15 percent \textit{P. deltiodes } bark at the press temperature of 180°C for the press time of 7 minutes.



The bending and shear strength of \textit{deltiodes} and \textit{eurAmerican}  bark are significant and the bending strength of \textit{deltiodes} is higher than  the bending strength  of \textit{eurAmerican} and regarding to shear strength no meaningful difference is obtained.



}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Bark Extractive Materials, Populus Deltoides, Populus Euramerican, Shear and Bending Strength, Thickness Swelling, Water absorption
\index[key]{Bark extractive materials}
\index[key]{Populus deltoides@\textit{Populus deltoides}}
\index[key]{Populus euramerican@\textit{Populus Euramerican}}
\index[key]{Shear and Bending Strength}
\index[key]{Thickness Swelling}
\index[key]{Water!absorption}
\end{document}