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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Native Brady\textit{rhizobium} Strain Inoculation on Cowpea Bean (\textit{Vigna unguiculata} L. Walp), Established in Saline Soils Conditions},pdfauthor={Ernesto Gómez Padilla, Raúl C. López Sánchez, Mercedes Fernández-Pascual, Beatriz Ruiz-Díez, Patrick van Damme, Roeland Samson, Bettina Eichler-Loebermann},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bradyrhizobium, cowpea bean, Inoculation, saline soils },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Native Brady\textit{rhizobium} Strain Inoculation on Cowpea Bean (\textit{Vigna unguiculata} L. Walp), Established in Saline Soils Conditions\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ernesto Gómez Padilla, University of Bayamo, Department  of Vegetable Biotechnology, University of Granma Way to Manzanillo km 17, Bayamo, Cuba, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{egomezp@udg.co.cu}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ernesto Gómez Padilla$^{1}$, Raúl C. López Sánchez$^{2}$, Mercedes Fernández-Pascual$^{3}$, Beatriz Ruiz-Díez$^{4}$, Patrick van Damme$^{5}$, Roeland Samson$^{6}$, Bettina Eichler-Loebermann$^{7}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Bayamo, Department  of Vegetable Biotechnology, Cuba}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Granma, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Cuba}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Council of Higher Scientific Investigation, Spain}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Enviromental Science Centre, Physiology and Vegetable Ecology Department, Spain}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{5}$University of Ghent, Department of Plant  Production - Laboratory for Tropical Agronomy, Belgium}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{6}$University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Belgium}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{7}$University of Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Gómez Padilla, Ernesto}
\index[author]{López Sánchez, Raúl C.}
\index[author]{Fernández-Pascual, Mercedes}
\index[author]{Ruiz-Díez, Beatriz}
\index[author]{van Damme, Patrick}
\index[author]{Samson, Roeland}
\index[author]{Eichler-Loebermann, Bettina}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In Cuba to many soil are affected by salinity problems, this situation provoke the yield diminish, for this reason, tolerance species have been introducing for contribute the productions increase, in this way, the Cowpea bean may be an good option because it is a rustic and resistant species. On the other hand, the symbiotic nitrogen fixation process is also affected by osmotic stress, that's why, to search of tolerant native strains in this conditions are very important to optimise the fixation. An experiment with the objective to evaluate the Brady\textit{rhizobium} inoculation effect on Cowpea bean (\textit{Vigna unguiculata} L. Walp), 86 D7--15 variety on saline soil, using a random block design with four replies in field conditions was developed. VIBA$^{-1}$ and VIBA$^{-2}$ Brady\textit{rhizobium} strains were used, isolated from a soil with high salinity. There were applied four treatments consisting in the strains inoculation, NPK fertilisation, and a treatment without fertilisation and without inoculation, considered as a control. The nodules number, dry mass and their root distribution, foliage dry mass and their ions content were evaluated. The response nitrogen index, the inoculation effectiveness index, the specific nitrogen fixation, and the yielding were determined. The results show a beneficial Brady\textit{rhizobium} strain effect on different variables, mainly the VIBA$^{-1}$, which improved, the nodules number, their dry mass and the specific nitrogen fixation, as well as the yielding.  In a same way the biggest index in effectiveness of the inoculation was obtained when using VIBA$^{-1}$, however, the results obtained with the VIBA$^{-2}$, overcame the ones without inoculation and without fertilisation. A lineal, positive and highly significant dependence between the variables related with the nodulación and nitrogen fixation in relationship with the total nitrogen content in the foliage and the plants yield was found.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Bradyrhizobium, cowpea bean, Inoculation, saline soils 
\index[key]{\textit{Rhizobium}!Brady}
\index[key]{Cowpea}
\index[key]{Inoculation}
\index[key]{Saline soils }
\end{document}