\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Anaerobic Fermentation of Albizia Saman Pod with Cassava Peel on Seed Hardiness of the Pod for Efficient Utilisation by Cattle},pdfauthor={Modupe Oluwatoyin Daodu, Olaniyi Jacob Babayemi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Albizia saman seed, cassava peel, cattle, faeces, silage},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Effect of Anaerobic Fermentation of Albizia Saman Pod with Cassava Peel on Seed Hardiness of the Pod for Efficient Utilisation by Cattle\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Modupe Oluwatoyin Daodu, University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Number 1 Ijeoma, Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{tdaodu@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Modupe Oluwatoyin Daodu$^{1}$, Olaniyi Jacob Babayemi$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Daodu, Modupe Oluwatoyin}
\index[author]{Babayemi, Olaniyi Jacob}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Albizia saman pod is preponderance during the production period of tropical rainforest of Nigeria. There is hundreds of this tree, strategically grown as shade, boundary demarcation, ornamental and recreational purposes. A fully matured tree has potential pod production of about 0.5 tons per annum. Ruminants relish the pod, the tegmen being sugary and are consumed without further processing. However, larger percentage of the seeds are always voided in faeces and as such become a waste and environmental menace. Since the crude protein is inherent in the seed of the pod, there is need to improve on the utilisation for ruminants. Silage is an efficient method of anaerobic fermentation. Albizia pod is high in dry matter (DM) and therefore require relatively high moisture content material mixture for good silage. Cassava peel is an agro"=industrial by"=product with low DM. Against this background, the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of anaerobic fermentation on the breaking of seed hardiness of Albizia saman pods ensile with cassava peels. Two trials were carried out in the study. One kg (n=3) of fresh ASP was separated into seeds and tegmen to assess the number of seeds. In trial one, a \mbox{5\,kg} capacity mini silo containing Albizia saman pod (ASP) with cassava peels (CPL) such that \mbox{100\,\%} ASP, \mbox{75\,\%} ASP + \mbox{25\,\%} CPL, \mbox{50\,\%} ASP + \mbox{50\,\%} CPL and \mbox{75\,\%} ASP + \mbox{25\,\%} CPL were ensiled for 30 days. Silage characteristics were assessed. In trial two, \mbox{3\,kg} silage each was once offered to cattle (100 $\pm$ \mbox{1.5\,kg} body weight) in three replicates and unensiled ASP as control. Total faeces were collected, washed in water and examined for the presence of seeds. Alcoholic smell, firm texture and pH (4.5) were observed for the silages. Seed in the faeces were not noticed in the cattle even after five days but \mbox{40\,\%} of the seeds were present in the faeces of the cattle fed unensiled ASP. It was concluded that silage has potential to break the seed hardiness of Albisia saman pod for cattle utilisation.}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Albizia saman seed, cassava peel, cattle, faeces, silage
\index[key]{Albizia saman seed}
\index[key]{Cassava peel}
\index[key]{Cattle}
\index[key]{Faeces}
\index[key]{Silage}
\end{document}