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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Nutritive Value of Some Agro---industrial By---products as Supplement to Guinea Grass by Sokoto Gudali Cattle},pdfauthor={Funmilayo Omolara Familade, Ayodele James Igbekoyi, Olaniyi Jacob Babayemi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agro-industrial by-products, cattle, feed intake, Guinea grass, weight gain},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Nutritive Value of Some Agro---industrial By---products as Supplement to Guinea Grass by Sokoto Gudali Cattle\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Funmilayo Omolara Familade, University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{familade@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Funmilayo Omolara Familade$^{1}$, Ayodele James Igbekoyi$^{2}$, Olaniyi Jacob Babayemi$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Familade, Funmilayo Omolara}
\index[author]{Igbekoyi, Ayodele James}
\index[author]{Babayemi, Olaniyi Jacob}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Cattle production in Nigeria is still lagging behind when compared to other developing countries. The tremendous increase in population has not commensurate with the meat production for the citizens. The reason is that the conventional feedstuffs that are principally consumed by humans are as well depended upon by cattle. Moreover, the Nigeria climate favours the growth of pasture for raising a good number of the animal, but only possible for the half of the year as result of the prolonged dry season. Agro"=industrial by"=products (AIB) such as palm kernel cake (PKC), brewer's dry grain (BDG) and wheat offal (WO) are available and can be used to supplement the scarce Guinea grass for cattle production. Thus, the study was designed to assess the nutritive value of some agro"=industrial by"=products as supplement to Guinea grass for cattle.  Twelve yearling Sokoto Gudali cattle were used. There were four test diets comprised of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), Brewer's Dried Grain (BDG), Wheat Offal (WO) and combinations of PKC + BDG + WO based diets while Guinea grass was fed as the basal diet. Diet A (\mbox{33.25\,\%} PKC), diet B (\mbox{33.25\,\%} BDG), diet C (\mbox{33.25\,\%} WO) and diet D (\mbox{11.08\,\%} PKC + \mbox{11.08\,\%} BDG + \mbox{11.08\,\%} WO) were included in the formulated diets. Diet D was observed to have the highest CP, CF and ether extract (28.3, 34.0 and \mbox{20.0\,\%} respectively) while diet C followed a direct inverse trend of this in terms of DM, CP and CF (55.8, 22.6 and \mbox{23.0\,\%} respectively). There were not significant differences among the treatments in final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio except for diet A. It is concluded that brewer's dried grains and wheat offal can be interchangeably used as well as combinations of the two in addition to the palm kernel cake as supplement to grass by Sokoto Gudali cattle for production and management.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agro"=industrial by"=products, cattle, feed intake, Guinea grass, weight gain
\index[key]{Agro"=industrial by"=products}
\index[key]{Cattle}
\index[key]{Feed!intake}
\index[key]{Guinea grass}
\index[key]{Weight gain}
\end{document}