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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Influence of Soil Bed and Cutting Bud on Propagation of \textit{Populus caspica}},pdfauthor={Ehsan Sadati, Masoud Tabari, Mohammad Hassan Assareh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cutting, germination, Hyrcanian forests, Populus caspica, Propagation },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Influence of Soil Bed and Cutting Bud on Propagation of \textit{Populus caspica}\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ehsan Sadati, Tarbiat Modares University, Forestry, Nour, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{sadati10@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ehsan Sadati$^{1}$, Masoud Tabari$^{1}$, Mohammad Hassan Assareh$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Forestry, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Forestry, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Sadati, Ehsan}
\index[author]{Tabari, Masoud}
\index[author]{Assareh, Mohammad Hassan}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
\textit{Populus caspica} Bornm. is an endemic tree species growing in Hyrcanian forests of Iran. It grows on alluvial soils and appears as individual and group forms and regenerates naturally particularly by root sprouting. On the other hands, its natural distribution is now strongly threatened by drought stress. As a multi"=functional species \textit{Populus caspica} has been identified for restoration of deforested areas in northern regions of country. Because, this species is sensitive to some environmental factors, therefore investigation on its propagation or seedling production is unavoidable. For this purpose, in February 2008 as randomised complete blocks design and in four replications cuttings of Populus caspica originated from 1-year branches of a mature tree were planted in nursery of Koloudeh of Amol, North of Iran. Treatments were 1) soil bed consisting of loamy, loamy"=sand and sandy"=loam, and 2) cutting bud consisting of 2-bud cutting and 3-bud cutting. At the end of the first  growing season it was revealed that loamy soil with \mbox{70\,\%} and 3-bud cuttings with \mbox{80\,\%} had the greatest germination rate. Survival was \mbox{27\,\%}, \mbox{24\,\%} and \mbox{16\,\%} in soils of loamy, loamy"=sand and sandy"=loam, respectively. Survival was \mbox{30\,\%} and 14/\mbox{6\,\%}, respectively in 3-bud cuttings and 2-bud cuttings. The biggest rooting was found in loamy soil (333/\mbox{5\,cm}) and in 3-bud cutting (\mbox{280\,cm}). Plant dry mass was the greatest in loamy soil (165 gr.) and 3-bud cutting (140 gr.). Height growth, the same as collar diameter growth, was bigger in loamy soil and in 3-bud cutting, too. From this investigation it can be deduced that growing 3-bud cuttings on loamy soil is more favourable for propagation/seedling production of \textit{Populus caspica }in this nursery.   }

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cutting, germination, Hyrcanian forests, \textit{Populus caspica}, Propagation 
\index[key]{Cutting}
\index[key]{Germination}
\index[key]{Hyrcanian forests}
\index[key]{Populus caspica@\textit{Populus caspica}}
\index[key]{Propagation }
\end{document}