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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Pollarding for Production Animal Winter Fodder in Traditional Livelihood System the Case of Northern Zagros, Iran},pdfauthor={Hedayat Ghazanfari, Ahmad Valipour, Manouchehr Namiranian, Zahed Shakeri},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Livelihood, pollarding, traditional Forestry, Zagros },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Pollarding for Production Animal Winter Fodder in Traditional Livelihood System the Case of Northern Zagros, Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ahmad Valipour, University of Tehran, Department of Forestry, Karaj, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ahmadvalipour@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Hedayat Ghazanfari$^{1}$, Ahmad Valipour$^{2}$, Manouchehr Namiranian$^{3}$, Zahed Shakeri$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Kurdistan, Department of Forestry, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Tehran, Department of Forestry, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Tehran, Department of Forestry, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Tehran, Department of Forestry, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ghazanfari, Hedayat}
\index[author]{Valipour, Ahmad}
\index[author]{Namiranian, Manouchehr}
\index[author]{Shakeri, Zahed}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Northern Zagros has a cold climate. In this region, and especially in Baneh, There are not enough agricultural land, depend on the hilly landscape and high slope. The limitation of agricultural lands and high population density has made a high dependency to animal husbandry. In this region the seasonal transition of animal herds is not costume. Late autumn and all of the winter season are fodder crises months, because of cold climate and high snow. A native knowledge and traditional silvopastoral system have shaped to fodder supplement in crises season that in local dialect nominate "Galazani". In this paper traditional forestry system was analysed using learning by doing and system analysis methods. Traditional forestry is done using coppice method which silviculture operations focused on tree. So, crown development and expansion of tree height are controlled by traditional managers precisely. Traditional forestry is one of the three subsystems (forestry, animal husbandry and agriculture) of local livelihood macro system (agrosilvopastoral system) and its main objective is to production of required inputs for animal husbandry subsystem. The inputs include tree fodder and oak seed that are used for feeding Markhoz goats. Goat breeding is done to utilise its valuable mohair for produce local clothing. Results showed that Galazani, with the aim of tree forage production, is done in late summer and early fall with 3-year cycle. In order to this, area control method is applied so that, conventional territory, with average area of about 10 to \mbox{15\,ha}, is divided in to 3 districts with the same yield. Required labour is supplied from local labour and household members. Every 3-years branch are pollard skillfully then packed and stored on trees or on the ground with specific techniques to prevent them from becoming corrupt and ease to use. Finally, in the cold season goats are feeding it. In recent years follow the socio"=economic changes and government pressure, reducing number of livestock lead to major changes in the system and drop its fans.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Livelihood, pollarding, traditional Forestry, Zagros 
\index[key]{Livelihood}
\index[key]{Pollarding}
\index[key]{Traditional Forestry}
\index[key]{Zagros }
\end{document}