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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Improved Agro"=morphological Characteristics and Essential Oil Quality of Anise (\textit{Pimpinella anisum }L.) by Application of Zeolite and Bio"=organic Fertiliser},pdfauthor={Shiva Khalesro, Amir Ghalavand, Fatemeh Sefidkon, Ahmad Asgharzadeh},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Essential oil, PGPR, Pimpinella anisum, vermicompost, yield},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Improved Agro"=morphological Characteristics and Essential Oil Quality of Anise (\textit{Pimpinella anisum }L.) by Application of Zeolite and Bio"=organic Fertiliser\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Shiva Khalesro, Tarbiat Modares University, Agronomy Department, 1411713116~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{khalesro@modares.ac.ir}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Shiva Khalesro$^{1}$, Amir Ghalavand$^{1}$, Fatemeh Sefidkon$^{2}$, Ahmad Asgharzadeh$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Agronomy Department, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Medcinal Plants, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Soil and Water Research Institute, Soil Science, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Khalesro, Shiva}
\index[author]{Ghalavand, Amir}
\index[author]{Sefidkon, Fatemeh}
\index[author]{Asgharzadeh, Ahmad}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Biofertilisers and organic manure not only have a positive effect on growth and yield of plants, but also provide the safety of environment. Accordingly, in this research the effects of PGPR, vermicompost and natural zeolite on growth, yield and essential oil composition of Anise were investigated. Anise (\textit{Pimpinella anisum} L., Family: Apiacea) is one of the most important aromatic and medicinal plants that's essential oil is of great value and has vast application in medicinal and food industries. Field experiment was conducted in the Agriculture Research Station at Sanandaj, Iran, in 2008. Plants were treated with three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t\,ha$^{-1}$), two amount of zeolite (0 and 4.5 t\,ha\textsuperscript{-1}) and mixture of \textit{Azotobacter chroococum}, \textit{Azospirillum lipoferum }and \textit{Pseudomonas fluorescens} (inoculation and not"=inoculation). Experimental design was randomised complete blocks design with factorial arrangement of treatments with three replications. The results showed that vermicompost levels significantly increased plant height, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, essential oil content, anethol and methyl cavicol percentage. The highest amount of them was obtained from the maximum rate of vermicompost. Inoculating \textit{Pimpinella anisum} L. seeds with PGPR led to significant increment for all of mentioned characters except for 1000 seed weight and methyl cavicol percentage. Zeolite application had significant effect on plant height, biological yield, seed yield and essential oil content but no significant effect on the other characters including 1000 seed weight, anethol and methyl cavicol percentage. In addition the highest values for biological yield (\mbox{3005\,kg}\,ha$^{-1}$) and seed yield (\mbox{1099.15\,kg}\,ha$^{-1}$) were obtained as a result of the maximum rate of vermicompost (10 t\,ha$^{-1}$) combined with PGPR inoculation. Finally, Application of vermicompost, PGPR and zeolite have beneficial effects on growth and yield of Anise.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Essential oil, PGPR, \textit{Pimpinella anisum}, vermicompost, yield
\index[key]{Essential oil}
\index[key]{PGPR}
\index[key]{Pimpinella anisum@\textit{Pimpinella anisum}}
\index[key]{Vermicompost}
\index[key]{Yield}
\end{document}