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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Traditional Leafy Vegetables as a Source of Pro"=vitamin A Carotenoids for under Five Year Olds in Uganda},pdfauthor={Angella Atwaru Atero, Agnes Namutebi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Provitamin A carotenoid, traditional leafy vegetables},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Traditional Leafy Vegetables as a Source of Pro"=vitamin A Carotenoids for under Five Year Olds in Uganda\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Angella Atwaru Atero, Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, Science and Technology Outreach, P.O.Box 6884-Plot 3/5/7 Nasser Road, Kampala, Uganda, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{atero_angella@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Angella Atwaru Atero$^{1}$, Agnes Namutebi$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, Science and Technology Outreach, Uganda}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Makerere University, Food Science and Technology, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Atero, Angella Atwaru}
\index[author]{Namutebi, Agnes}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) status in Uganda is still alarming, despite the fact that the Government of Uganda has put programs in place to try and alleviate the problem. It is estimated that child deaths that occur annually in Uganda due to VAD are 29\,000, while the percentage of children less than 6 years of age in Uganda with sub"=clinical VAD is 66 (UNICEF, 2005). In 2006 it was noted that, \mbox{20\,\%} of children (6--59 months) in Uganda are categorised as having VAD.




Data was collected from 363 children in Iganga district in July 2008 using Gibson's 24 hour dietary recall method and a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. 




A total of 21 species of traditional leafy vegetables and 1 non"=traditional leafy vegetable were consumed at least once a week by children aged between 6--59 months in Iganga district. Of all these leafy vegetables, only five were mostly consumed and these included; \textit{Amaranthus lividus} (booga)(\mbox{93.7\,\%}), \textit{Cucurbita maxima} (eisunsa(\mbox{83.2\,\%})), \textit{Colocasia esculenta} (timpa)(\mbox{72.5\,\%}), \textit{Cleome gynandra} (eiyobyo)(\mbox{66.3\,\%}), and \textit{Brassica oeracea} var. \textit{capitata} (non"=traditional)(\mbox{85\,\%}). However, results from the 24 hour dietary recall showed that of the leafy vegetables mentioned above, only 5 had been consumed by the children 24 hours preceding the survey. They included \textit{Amaranthus lividus} (\mbox{18.75\,\%}), \textit{Cucurbita maxima} (\mbox{6.25\,\%}., \textit{Colocasia esculenta }(\mbox{2.08\,\%}), \textit{Vigna unguiculata} (\mbox{0.60\,\%}) and \textit{Brassica oeracea} var. \textit{capitata} (\mbox{8.93\,\%}) (non"=traditional). Compared to other food groups it was discovered that TLVs were the second least consumed (\mbox{27\,\%}). It was also discovered that \mbox{94\,\%} of mothers and caretakers had no knowledge of the nutritional value of TLVs and \mbox{20.1\,\%} of households cultivated TLVS.




Low consumption of traditional leafy vegetables combined with low consumption of other foods rich in Vitamin A have continued to cause high levels of VAD among children between the ages of 6--59 months in Iganga district as reported in the UDHS report of 2006 (UBOS, 2006). Increasing mothers and caretakers knowledge on the nutritional value of traditional leafy vegetables would lead to their increased consumption and thus cultivation. This would in turn lower levels of VAD and therefore mortality among the children.

}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Provitamin A carotenoid, traditional leafy vegetables
\index[key]{Provitamin A carotenoid}
\index[key]{Traditional leafy vegetables}
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