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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Intensification of the Dairy Value Chain and its Socio"=economic and Environmental Externalities: The Case of Kenya},pdfauthor={Fomboh Afese Abraham, Christine Gemmer, Kristina Kirfel, Festus Kongyu Ali, Mira Lehberger, Pia Rothe, Anna Yukiko Bickenbach},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Dairy value chain, environmental externalities, food security, intensification, socio-economic externalities},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Intensification of the Dairy Value Chain and its Socio"=economic and Environmental Externalities: The Case of Kenya\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kristina Kirfel, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Dunckerstr. 86, 10437~Berlin, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kristinakirfel@hotmail.de}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Fomboh Afese Abraham, Christine Gemmer, Kristina Kirfel, Festus Kongyu Ali, Mira Lehberger, Pia Rothe, Anna Yukiko Bickenbach}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany}}}
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\index[author]{Afese Abraham, Fomboh}
\index[author]{Gemmer, Christine}
\index[author]{Kirfel, Kristina}
\index[author]{Kongyu Ali, Festus}
\index[author]{Lehberger, Mira}
\index[author]{Rothe, Pia}
\index[author]{Bickenbach, Anna Yukiko}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In the light of rapid population growth, animal husbandry gets increasingly important for many rural dwellers in developing countries for both subsistence and marketing purposes. In order to cope with the increasing land scarcity by enhancing the performance of animals and boosting the output per unit input, intensification of animal production occurs at a rapid pace.



Our report, in the course of a study project done for the Humboldt University Berlin, examines the dairy value chain in Kenya. Driving forces, strategies and outcomes of ongoing intensification processes have been identified and analysed with special emphasis on the associated environmental and socio"=economic externalities of these processes.



The first part of the report is composed of a scientific literature review. Following the definition of the terms value chain, intensification and externalities, the situation in Kenya has been analysed according to these concepts. A formal (cold) and an informal (warm) dairy value chain have been identified. Driven by growing demand for dairy products, intensification processes on all stages of the value chain are taking place. Producers intensify by increasing livestock numbers, introduction of high"=yielding breeds and improvement of livestock feed and health management. Outcomes of these intensification processes are increased food security, higher income and improved welfare of the population. However, possible externalities are degradation of land, in particular through expansion of feed production, pollution and depletion of water resources, an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, increased competition for land and water resources, effects on human and animal health as well as changes in gender relations.



In the second part we base our analysis on qualitative interviews with different stakeholders (including actors of the supporting structure of the dairy sector) along the dairy chain in Nakuru District in Kenya, done in March 2010. The differentiation into a formal and an informal value chain has been validated. The main driving forces for intensification are improved opportunities for trade, resulting in a higher profitability of dairy production, higher benefits from compensation of varying (milk-) supply levels in rainy/dry season and increased quality requirements.







}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Dairy value chain, environmental externalities, food security, intensification, socio"=economic externalities
\index[key]{Dairy value chain}
\index[key]{Environmental!externalities}
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Intensification}
\index[key]{Socio"=economic externalities}
\end{document}