\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Dwindling Water Resources and Agricultural  Growth in Punjab State, India: Emerging Issues  },pdfauthor={Ram Pyare Singh, Anupama Jeevandas, Ranjit Kumar},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Canal irrigation, tube-well irrigation, water resource development, water-use efficiency},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Dwindling Water Resources and Agricultural  Growth in Punjab State, India: Emerging Issues  \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ram Pyare Singh, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005~Varanasi, India, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{rpshashi@rediffmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ram Pyare Singh$^{1}$, Anupama Jeevandas$^{2}$, Ranjit Kumar$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, India}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Indian Agricultural Economics, Division of Agricultural Economics, India}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Indian Institute of Soil Science, Agricultural Economics, India}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Singh, Ram Pyare}
\index[author]{Jeevandas, Anupama}
\index[author]{Kumar, Ranjit}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Timely availability of adequate water supply for irrigation is a critical determinant for better agricultural productivity. Punjab, the largest foodgrain surplus state in India accorded high priority since mid-Sixties on intensive use of all the agricultural inputs including irrigation water resources. With the help of multipurpose river valley projects and large scale groundwater exploitation by installing private tube"=wells has increased the irrigated area to the extent of 96 per cent of state's net sown area. Accordingly, state agriculture grew at a very fast rate, though it has been at the cost of degradation of most of the natural resources especially, land, water and biodiversity. Groundwater extraction in the state, by and large, has exceeded annual recharge. Presently, the state is facing serious concern of rapid decline of water table in 77 per cent of the state area. Therefore, efficient use and management of agricultural resources especially water has become absolutely necessary to sustain intensive agriculture and farmer's income. The study therefore examines the pattern of irrigation water resource development in the state, its implications on the cropping pattern and water resource use efficiency at farm level.While examining the irrigation efficiency, 57 per cent of tube well irrigated and 65 per cent of canal+tube"=well irrigated paddy producers were found to be technically efficient. Wheat producing farmers too were more technically efficient in case of canal+tube"=well irrigation system. The mean irrigation efficiency in tube well and canal+tube well irrigated farms were 61 and 68 per cent, respectively. It clearly indicated that there is a scope to improve the irrigation efficiency by 39 and 32 per cent, respectively through judicious use of irrigation water. Alteration in cropping pattern in favour of low water consuming crops by way of providing price and non"=price incentive needs to be encouraged. Since, groundwater is an open access resource, the tragedy of common often occurs, where everyone tries to extract as much water as one can and degrades the resource. Therefore, strict regulation for exploiting the ground water resources also need to be encouraged and implemented.



}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Canal irrigation, keywords: Water"=use efficiency, Tube"=well irrigation, Water resource development 
\index[key]{Canal irrigation}
\index[key]{Water"=use efficiency}
\index[key]{Tube"=well irrigation}
\index[key]{Water!resource development }
\end{document}