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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effects of Integrated Application of Bio- and Chemical Fertiliser on Growth and Some Soil Properties of Maize},pdfauthor={Khaled Eidizadeh, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani, Hossein Sabahi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biofertiliser, growth, soil nutrients, sustainable agriculture },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effects of Integrated Application of Bio- and Chemical Fertiliser on Growth and Some Soil Properties of Maize\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin street, 1983963113~Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mmd323@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Khaled Eidizadeh$^{1}$, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani$^{2}$, Hossein Sabahi$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.c., }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Shahid Beheshti University, Environmental Science Research Institute, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Eidizadeh, Khaled}
\index[author]{Mahdavi Damghani, Abdolmajid}
\index[author]{Sabahi, Hossein}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Effects of N and P bio- (nitroxin including Azospirillum spp., \textit{Pseudomonas~spp.}, Azotobacter spp. and phosphate microbial biofertiliser including Bacillus coagulans) and chemical fertilisers on soil characteristics and growth of maize (\textit{Zea mays}) was studied on 2008 in Shushtar, Southwest of Iran in a factorial experiment with completely randomised block design with three replicates. Treatments consisted of biological and chemical fertilisers in four levels (\mbox{100\,\%} chemical fertiliser, \mbox{50\,\%} chemical fertiliser+ biofertiliser, \mbox{25\,\%} chemical fertiliser+ biofertiliser and biofertiliser). Results showed that integrated application of biological and chemical fertilisers increased stem length, dry mater accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area duration index and leaf area ratio in comparison with sole application of chemical or biological fertilisers. The highest and lowest plant height was observed at 115 day after planting in biofertiliser+ \mbox{50\,\%} chemical fertiliser (\mbox{186\,cm}) and chemical fertiliser (\mbox{177\,cm}), respectively. The highest and lowest leaf area index was recorded at 71 day after planting in biofertiliser+ \mbox{50\,\%} chemical fertiliser (4.71) and biofertiliser (3.2) treatments, respectively. Similar trend was observed in dry mater accumulation (2037 and \unitfrac[1248]{gr}{m}2, respectively) and crop growth rate at 71 day after planting (44.8 and \unitfrac[26.5]{gr}{m}2, respectively). The highest and lowest net assimilation reached at 94 day after planting in chemical and biofertiliser, respectively. Results of soil analysis showed that biofertilisers increased P, K as well as other micro elements availability rather N fixation. Results revealed that although replacing chemical fertilisers by biofertilisers reduced maize growth, integrated application of these sources caused highest grain growth, nutrient availability and reduced substantially consumption of chemical fertilisers. Results also indicated that non"=chemical sources of crop nutrition can be considered as a reliable alternative for chemical fertilisation in ecological production of crops in agroecosystems of Iran.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biofertiliser, growth, soil nutrients, sustainable agriculture 
\index[key]{Biofertilizer}
\index[key]{Growth}
\index[key]{Soil!nutrients}
\index[key]{Sustainable!agriculture }
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