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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Treating Baled Wheat Straw with Urea is better than Treating Chopped  Wheat Straw with Urea},pdfauthor={Taimour Tanha, Ehsan Ehsan Mahjobi, Ali Ali},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Baled straw, chopped straw, degradability, Wheat straw},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Treating Baled Wheat Straw with Urea is better than Treating Chopped  Wheat Straw with Urea\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Taimour Tanha, University of Paiamnoor Tehran, Animal Science, Pardis Nakhlestan 3 13.1, Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{taimour.tanha@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Taimour Tanha$^{1}$, Ehsan Ehsan Mahjobi$^{2}$, Ali Ali$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Paiamnoor Tehran, Animal Science, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Zanjan, Animal Science, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Paiamnoor Tehran, Agronomy, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Tanha, Taimour}
\index[author]{Ehsan Mahjobi, Ehsan}
\index[author]{Ali, Ali}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This study was conducted to test the simplicity of treating wheat straw with urea. Wheat straw was prepared in two physical forms including chopped straw (ChS) and baled form (BS). then it was sprayed with urea mixed water in amount of \mbox{5\,\%} urea and 100 liters of water per \mbox{100\,kg} of straw (DM basis). After 4 weeks the treated straw as well as initial straw (IS) were sampled for \textit{in~vitro} measurements. The \textit{in~vitro} digestibility was determined for DM and OM. \textit{In~sacco} degradability was measured, using of 3 fistulated male cows. Results indicated that treatment significantly ($p < 0.05$) increased the DM and OM digestibility of the straw.  The degradability of DM in 8, 16, 24 and 72 h post incubation was significantly ($p < 0.05$) higher in treated straw than the IS. The gas test method was used to measure the gas production of the samples where the treated straw showed significantly ($p < 0.05$) higher amount of gas yield after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h of incubation.  In a feeding trial, 3 diets contained \mbox{40\,\%} of IS, ChS or BS, respectively, were fed to Holshtine male calves (6 head per diet) for 4 months when the DM intake and daily gain were recorded and \textit{in~vivo} DM digestibility of the diets was measured. Results showed that the DM intake and average daily gain were significant ($p < 0.05$) different among the diets, but no significantly differences was observed for the DM digestibility of the diets. Economic estimation showed that the feed cost per kg of live weight gain was 13104 Rial for normal straw diet while 12194 Rial for baled treated straw diet.  







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Baled straw, chopped straw, degradability, Wheat straw
\index[key]{Wheat straw}
\index[key]{chopped straw}
\index[key]{baled straw}
\index[key]{degradability}
\end{document}