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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Chemical Composition and Physiochemical Properties of Cashew Nut Shell as Feed for Livestock Production in Nigeria},pdfauthor={Mary Bosede Ogundiran, Lydia Kehinde Olagunju, Olaniyi Jacob Babayemi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cashew nut shell, livestock feed, nutrient composition, physiochemical characteristics},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Chemical Composition and Physiochemical Properties of Cashew Nut Shell as Feed for Livestock Production in Nigeria\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Lydia Kehinde Olagunju, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, No 1 Ijeoma, +234~Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lydiaolumide@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Mary Bosede Ogundiran$^{1}$, Lydia Kehinde Olagunju$^{2}$, Olaniyi Jacob Babayemi$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Ogundiran, Mary Bosede}
\index[author]{Olagunju, Lydia Kehinde}
\index[author]{Babayemi, Olaniyi Jacob}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
A number of wastes are abundant in Nigeria and some of these wastes range from liquids to solids leading to environmental pollution. One of the dreaded wastes is that of cashew nut shell. Cashew nut production in Nigeria has increased to over 200,000 tons yearly, being the leading producer in Africa but unable to exploit a large part of its economic value because the shell that accounts for\mbox{70\,\%} of the total production is regarded as a waste by"=product. Means of disposing the shell has been by burning, thereby polluting the environment by the release of methane into the air and corrosive acids into the soil and water. Due to the increasing Nigerian population coupled with scarcity of feed for livestock, the shell can be enhanced for efficient utilisation as unconventional feed resources. Against this background, the present study was determined to evaluate the chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of cashew nut shell to be used as feed for livestock. A study was conducted to assess the chemical composition and physicochemical attributes of cashew nut shell in Nigeria. The dry matter was high with \mbox{5.8\,\%} moisture. The CP, CF, EE and ash were \mbox{6.8\,\%}, \mbox{21.3\,\%}, \mbox{34.5\,\%} and 2,\mbox{7\,\%} respectively. The carbohydrate (\mbox{28.9\,\%}), sugar (\mbox{0.5\,\%}), starch (\mbox{4.2\,\%}), cellulose (\mbox{16.8\,\%}) and pH of 4.71 were also noticed in the shell. Preponderance of minerals including Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were observed in the cashew nut shell (CNS). The extracted oil of CNS was dark"=brown and also containing pH (5.10), refractive index (1.45), specific gravity (0.92), viscocity (550), moisture (\mbox{2.0\,\%}), ash (\mbox{1\,\%}), iodine value (205 mg/100 g), saponification value (67.02 mg KOH/g), acid value (102.9 mg KOH/g) and free fatty acid (51.47). The result showed that cashew nut shell contained high nutrient and promising agro"=industrial by"=product as livestock feed but should be used with caution due to its high content of acidity.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cashew nut shell, livestock feed, nutrient composition, physiochemical characteristics
\index[key]{Cashew nut shell}
\index[key]{Livestock!feed}
\index[key]{Nutrient!composition}
\index[key]{Physiochemical characteristics}
\end{document}