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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Cluster Analysis of Weed Community Structure in Sugar Beet (\textit{Beta vulgaris} L.) Fields of Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali, Iran},pdfauthor={Leila Alimoradi, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel, Hamid Reza Khazaee, Amir Ahmadian Yazdi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={PCA, sugar beet, Beta vulgaris, weed population},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\begin{document}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Cluster Analysis of Weed Community Structure in Sugar Beet (\textit{Beta vulgaris} L.) Fields of Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali, Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Leila Alimoradi, Islamic Azad University - Mashhad Branch, Department of Agronomy, Azadi Square, 91775-1163~Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lealimoradi@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Leila Alimoradi$^{1}$, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel$^{2}$, Hamid Reza Khazaee$^{3}$, Amir Ahmadian Yazdi$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Islamic Azad University - Mashhad Branch, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Plant Protection, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Alimoradi, Leila}
\index[author]{Rashed Mohassel, Mohammad Hasan}
\index[author]{Khazaee, Hamid Reza}
\index[author]{Ahmadian Yazdi, Amir}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The multivariate analysis method combines several data within one analysis. Cluster analysis is used to search similar natural groups based on certain number of variants , such as species frequency. The primary stage in cluster analysis is measurement of similarities between two areas calculated based on squared Euclidean distance. The results of cluster analysis usually illustrated by using dendrograms. In order to study the Weed communities in sugar beet fields of different cities, an experiment was carried out in 178 fields from 12 main producer cities in Iran during 2006--2008. The weed community structure in sugar beet fields of different cities were classified based on cluster analysis. In this research, 178 farms from 12 cities were studied. The results showed that, at \mbox{75\,\%} similarity level, considering on C3 \& C4 functional groups, all cities were classified in 5 groups. Noxious weeds were divided to 4 clusters. From view point of Shanon \& Margalof indices, weed community were classified to 8 \& 6 groups. Comparing the diversity of the annual weeds, all cities Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali provinces planted in 5 clusters Based on broad leaf and narrow leaf, weed species of sugar beet field of cities 5 clusters were found. Different cities of Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali based on community evenness index of sugar beet with fields at \mbox{75\,\%} similarity level classified at 5 clusters. On the average troublesome weeds, consisted of \mbox{30\,\%} weed community in field sugar beet of each city with the higher diversity in Shirvan and Fariman.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} PCA, sugar beet, \textit{Beta vulgaris}, weed population
\index[key]{PCA}
\index[key]{Sugar beet}
\index[key]{Beta vulgaris@\textit{Beta vulgaris}}
\index[key]{Weed!population}
\end{document}