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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Growth and Early Establishment of Afforested \textit{Juniperus excelsa} Seedling as Affected by Transfer Age and Soil Bed},pdfauthor={Masoud Tabari, Mohammad Ali Shirzad, Ebrahim Khosrojerdi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Afforastation, forestry, Iran, Juniperus excelsa},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Growth and Early Establishment of Afforested \textit{Juniperus excelsa} Seedling as Affected by Transfer Age and Soil Bed\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Masoud Tabari, Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Forestry, Noor, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{masoudtabari@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Masoud Tabari$^{1}$, Mohammad Ali Shirzad$^{1}$, Ebrahim Khosrojerdi$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Forestry, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Tabari, Masoud}
\index[author]{Shirzad, Mohammad Ali}
\index[author]{Khosrojerdi, Ebrahim}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Regarding to increasing deforestation of forests the attempt to forest trees plantation can be a serious solution to maintain this valuable heritage. \textit{Juniperus excelsa }M.Bieb. is one of the indigenous conifer species in Iran. It is well"=known as a suitable tree against environmental stresses and can promote the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forest areas. The present study was carried out to determine effect of soil bed and transfer age of \textit{J. excelsa }on its growth and early establishment seedlings under rainfed conditions. For this purpose, using a factorial examination, under randomised complete block design and 3 replications, 540 seedlings of \textit{J. excelsa} with treatments of transfer age (2 and 3 years) and soil bed (1/3 natural soil + 2/3 cultivated soil, 2/3 natural soil + 1/3 cultivated soil, and natural soil) were planted in southern hills of Mashhad city (eastern province of Iran). At the end of the 2\textsuperscript{nd} growing season collar diameter growth, crown growth and seedling survival were not affected by seedling transfer age but height growth differed with seedling transfer age. Soil bed and interaction of seedling transfer age $\times$ soil bed did not influence on either of the characteristics measured. Regarding to soil amendment costs and non"=significant effect of soil bed on growth and establishment of \textit{J. excelsa} seedlings, in such areas, change of soil bed for afforestation development of this species is not recommended. Likewise, considering to non"=significant differences of growth and establishment between 2- and 3 years seedlings, due to reduce the additional costs in nursery using 2-year old seedling is more favourable than 3-year old seedling to transfer to afforestion site. 







}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Afforastation, forestry, Iran, \textit{Juniperus excelsa}
\index[key]{Afforastation}
\index[key]{Juniperus excelsa@\textit{Juniperus excelsa}}
\end{document}