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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Traceability for the Egyptian Agricultural Exports and its Impact on Small Farmer's Income},pdfauthor={Khaled Ahmed Abdu, Walid Yehia Slam},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Farmers Associations, global - gap Certification, Horticulture exports},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Traceability for the Egyptian Agricultural Exports and its Impact on Small Farmer's Income\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Khaled Ahmed Abdu, Cairo University,egypt, Agricultural Economics, Cairo Universityfaculty of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kabdouh@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Khaled Ahmed Abdu$^{1}$, Walid Yehia Slam$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Cairo University,egypt, Agricultural Economics, Egypt}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Cairo University,egypt, Agriculture Economics, }}}
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\index[author]{Abdu, Khaled Ahmed}
\index[author]{Slam, Walid Yehia}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The Egyptian agricultural exports  are depend significantly on the value of exports of horticultural crops, which generate a great portion of the income for small ---scale producer . At the same time, the EU market is considered the main market for the Egyptian agricultural exports  



     The EU invented the Europe-GAP certification and use it as an effective tool to regulate the flows of agricultural product along its markets. That term has been changed to Global Europe- Gap in September 2007. some important points wear added to the new edition to reflect the growing global role in achieving good agricultural practices among retailers, especially multi"=supermarket chains in Europe and their suppliers. Since that time, the concept of traceability become a necessary condition to facilitate the tracking of food and increase the ability of consumers to obtain accurate information and monitoring  products from the moment of planting until the arrival  to the final consumer.



      Under those requirements the challenges which faced the entry of the Egyptian horticultural exports to the EU market have increased. Taking into consideration the special nature of agriculture in Egypt in which about \mbox{75\,\%} of farmers are classified as small"=scale farmers (owned less than 4 acre) .







    The research aims to explore the conditions of traceability on the field of the  Egyptian agricultural exports and increase rural incomes by building the capacity of small farmers to improve production and exports of vegetables and fruits in accordance with the Europe -GAP certificate .







     The Search is based on quantitative analysis of a representative sample of small farmers, exporters of horticultural crops in a number of governorates of the Arab Republic of Egypt with a focus on horticultural export of the following (green beans - onions - garlic - medicinal and aromatic plants - artichoke) 



To assess the current status of farmer associations that participated in the traceability and verification the reasons and the challenges that limit its effectiveness. In addition to, analysing the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges facing small farmers for the application of global Europe-GAP. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Farmers Associations, global - gap Certification, Horticulture exports
\index[key]{Farmers Associations}
\index[key]{Global - gap Certification}
\index[key]{Horticulture exports}
\end{document}