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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Evaluation of Species Diversity and Weed Community Structure in Sugar Beet (\textit{Beta vulgaris} L.) Fields in Iran},pdfauthor={Leila Alimoradi, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel, Hamid Reza Khazaee, Golsoomeh Azizi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Functional diversity, sugar beet, Weed},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Evaluation of Species Diversity and Weed Community Structure in Sugar Beet (\textit{Beta vulgaris} L.) Fields in Iran\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Leila Alimoradi, Islamic Azad University - Mashhad Branch, Department of Agronomy, Azadi Square, 91775-1163~Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lealimoradi@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Leila Alimoradi$^{1}$, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel$^{2}$, Hamid Reza Khazaee$^{3}$, Golsoomeh Azizi$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Islamic Azad University - Mashhad Branch, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Payam Noor University, Agronomy, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Alimoradi, Leila}
\index[author]{Rashed Mohassel, Mohammad Hasan}
\index[author]{Khazaee, Hamid Reza}
\index[author]{Azizi, Golsoomeh}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Biodiversity of natural ecosystems is often studied at three levels, ecosystem, species and genetic diversity. In fact, agrobiodiversity is the outcome of species, genetic and management diversity interactions. In order to investigate the species and functional diversity and structure of weed communities in sugar beet fields of different cities in Khorassan Razavi and Khorassan Shomali provinces, Iran,  178 farms from 12 cities were studied. Data were collected from questioners, weed population sampling and interview with farmers.The results showed that $\delta$ diversity was 14.28+-6.69, $\beta$ diversity was 3.81+$^{-2}$.78, and \&\#947; diversity was 56 (total species number in sugar beet field of Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Shomali). Weed population in different cities composed of 56 species in 14 plant families, in which dicotyledon species (44 species) were more than monocotyledons (12 species). In this community, 47 species had C3 (monocotyledons \& dicotyledons) and 9 others had C4 photosynthetic pathway (monocotyledons \& dicotyledons).These 56 species also included of 36 annuals, 2 biennials and 18 prennials. Poaceae and \textit{Asteraceae} families showed the most diversity amongst the monocotyledon and dicotyledon, respectively. Based on life cycle points of view, 36 species (monocotyledons \& dicotyledons) were annual while other 20 species were perennials. Among dicots, \textit{Asteraceae} family, with 8 species, had the highest plant diversity. The \textit{Solanaceae}, Papilionaceae and Brassicaceae (with 4 weed species) were ranked in second grade. Among monocot families, Poaceae consisted of all 12 species almost present in all sugar beet fields.These results also showed that among common sugar beet weed species, goose foot family (Chenopodiaceae) had the highest frequency (\mbox{23\,\%}) of the weeds. The weeds of this family were present \mbox{94.54\,\%} of fields. Lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) (\mbox{92\,\%}) was frequently present within the fields.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Functional diversity, sugar beet, Weed
\index[key]{Functional diversity}
\index[key]{Sugar beet}
\index[key]{Weed}
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