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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Relationship between Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Water Holding Capacity of Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in Brahman $\times$ Thai Native and Charolais $\times$ Thai Native Crossbred Cattle},pdfauthor={Amphon Waritthitham, Christian Lambertz, Hans-Juergen Langholz, Michael Wicke, Matthias Gauly},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Brahman, Charolais, crossbred cattle, muscle fiber characteristics, slaughter weight},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Relationship between Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Water Holding Capacity of Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in Brahman $\times$ Thai Native and Charolais $\times$ Thai Native Crossbred Cattle\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Amphon Waritthitham, Lampang Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Department of Livestock Development, 200 Wiangtan, Hangchat, 52190~Lampang, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{amphon_ans@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Amphon Waritthitham$^{1}$, Christian Lambertz$^{2}$, Hans-Juergen Langholz$^{2}$, Michael Wicke$^{2}$, Matthias Gauly$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Lampang Animal Nutrition Research and Development Center, Department of Livestock Development, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department of Animal Science, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Waritthitham, Amphon}
\index[author]{Lambertz, Christian}
\index[author]{Langholz, Hans-Juergen}
\index[author]{Wicke, Michael}
\index[author]{Gauly, Matthias}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Skeletal muscle fibers are classified depending on their contraction rate into slow- and fast"=twitch fibers. There is a relationship between muscle fiber characteristics, sizes, and types with post mortal biochemical processes and meat quality. However, muscle fiber characteristics are influenced by many factors, \textit{e.g.} genotype, sex, age, feed and management. Different muscle fiber characteristics require different postmortem treatments to achieve the best ultimate meat quality. The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of genotype and slaughter weight on muscle fiber characteristics and water holding capacity of the Longissimus dorsi (Ld) muscle in Brahman $\times$ Thai native (BRA) and Charolais $\times$ Thai native (CHA) crossbred bulls, and to estimate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and water holding capacity of the Ld muscle. The study was conducted on a commercial beef cattle farm in northern Thailand. In total 34 BRA and 34 CHA were randomly selected and slaughtered at either 500, 550 or \mbox{600\,kg} live weight. Muscle fiber characteristics were conducted for percentages and cross"=sectional areas of slow- and fast"=twitch fibers. Water holding capacity parameters were determined as drip, ageing, thawing, cooking and grilling loss. Correlation coefficients for muscle fiber characteristics and water holding capacity parameters were analysed. The results showed that CHA meat had better water holding capacity (less ageing, thawing and grilling loss) compared to BRA, whereas slaughter weight had no significant effect on these parameters. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between genotypes and slaughter weights in percentages and cross"=sectional areas of slow- and fast"=twitch fibers of Ld muscle. Slow- and fast"=twitch fibers of all experimental groups averaged 24.4 and \mbox{75.6\,\%}, respectively. Cross"=sectional areas of fast"=twitch fibers had almost twice the size of slow"=twitch fibers (6,721 and 3,713 $\mu$m$^{2}$, respectively). The correlation between muscle fiber area and water holding capacity indicated that muscles with larger fiber areas had a lower drip and ageing loss but a higher cooking and grilling loss.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Brahman, Charolais, crossbred cattle, muscle fiber characteristics, slaughter weight
\index[key]{Cattle!Brahman}
\index[key]{Cattle!Charolais}
\index[key]{Cattle!crossbred}
\index[key]{Crossbred cattle}
\index[key]{Muscle fiber characteristics}
\index[key]{Slaughter weight}
\end{document}