\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Morphological Characterisation and Production of Shea Trees (Vitellaria paradoxa) Along Climatic Gradient in Benin},pdfauthor={Jean Didier Akpona, Glèlè Kakaï Romain Lucas},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={, Bénin. , Climate, Morphology, Parks, Structure, Vitellaria paradoxa},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Morphological Characterisation and Production of Shea Trees (Vitellaria paradoxa) Along Climatic Gradient in Benin\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Glèlè Kakaï Romain Lucas, University Abomey-Calavi, Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Cotonou, Benin, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{gleleromain@yahoo.fr}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Jean Didier Akpona$^{1}$, Glèlè Kakaï Romain Lucas$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University Abomey-calavi, Departement of Natural Ressources Management, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University Abomey-Calavi, Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Benin}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Akpona, Jean Didier}
\index[author]{Romain Lucas, Glèlè Kakaï}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
The present study focused on the dendrometric traits and production of shea butter trees in four shea parks established in different climatic zones in Benin. A total of 99 rectangular plots of 50 m\,$\times$\,\mbox{30\,m} were established within the four parks. In each plot, all trees of diameter at breast height (dbh) more than \mbox{10\,cm} were measured in diameter at \mbox{1.3\,m}, height and crown diameters and their species were identified. Moreover, the production of 120 shea trees of more than \mbox{10\,cm} dbh was quantified in the four parks using the Jessen method and mensurations (length, width and circumference) were done on 10 fruits per tree. The data collected were used to compute structural parameters of each park. Moreover, stem diameter and height structures of the shea trees was established for each park and adjusted to the Weibull distribution. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on the dendrometric variables and the first three components were correlated with the production traits of shea trees and also with the climatic parameters of the region. Results revealed significant difference between the parks according to most of the dendrometric parameters and production of shea trees. However, tree"=height and crown diameter of shea trees did not differentiate the four parks. For all the 4 parks, stem diameter and height structures present a non Gaussian shape with right dissymmetric, characteristic of populations with predominance of old trees. Moreover, we noticed that big trees produced little number of fruits but with big size.  There was a positively correlation between crown diameter and fruit size. Parks under high rainfall had low density of shea trees but the trees were relatively tall and big with low production of fruits. On contrary, parks under high insolation have relatively high density of shea trees with high production.







}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} , Bénin. , Climate, Morphology, Parks, Structure, Vitellaria paradoxa
\index[key]{}
\index[key]{Bénin. }
\index[key]{Climate}
\index[key]{Morphology}
\index[key]{Parks}
\index[key]{Structure}
\index[key]{Vitellaria paradoxa}
\end{document}