\documentclass[english,german]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{verbose,a4paper,tmargin=1.75cm,bmargin=2cm,lmargin=2cm,rmargin=2cm,headheight=0.8cm,headsep=0.5cm,footskip=0.5cm}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{url}
\urlstyle{same}
\newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{same}\Url}\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{units}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{wasysym} % enable use of \permil instead of \textperthousand
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage{arabtex}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{mdwlist}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\relax}
\usepackage{index}
\newindex{key}{kdx}{knd}{Keywords}
\newindex{author}{idx}{ind}{Authors}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot{}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
%\usepackage[activate]{pdfcprot}
%\usepackage[owner=Tapioka, print=true, copy=true, edit=false, annotate=false,set]{pdfcrypt}
%encryption: not supported any more (since pdftex 1.10)
\usepackage[pdftex]{thumbpdf}
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Potential of Tropical Forages for Feeding Pigs },pdfauthor={Sonja Heinritz, Siriwan Martens, Sandra Hoedtke, Annette Zeyner, Michael Peters},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Brachiaria hybrid , Canavalia brasiliensis, Centrosema brasilianum, Cratylia argentea, Desmodium velutinum, Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena diversifolia, pigs, protein, Stylosanthes guianensis, tropical forages, Vigna unguiculata},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
\else
\usepackage{ae}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\fi
\begin{document}
\ifpdf
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.jpg}}}
\else
\parbox[b]{2.5cm}{\resizebox*{2.5cm}{!}{\includegraphics{dtt2010.eps}}}
\fi
\hfill
\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
\hspace{0.1cm}
\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Potential of Tropical Forages for Feeding Pigs \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sonja Heinritz, University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 8, 18059~Rostock, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{sonjaheinritz@aol.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sonja Heinritz$^{1}$, Siriwan Martens$^{2}$, Sandra Hoedtke$^{3}$, Annette Zeyner$^{3}$, Michael Peters$^{2}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages, Colombia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Rostock, Institute of Farm Animal Sciences and Technology, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Heinritz, Sonja}
\index[author]{Martens, Siriwan}
\index[author]{Hoedtke, Sandra}
\index[author]{Zeyner, Annette}
\index[author]{Peters, Michael}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In many tropical countries the market demand for pork is higher than the current production. Often, small and medium scale rural enterprises supply the market with the revenues being an important contribution to livelihoods. One of their main limitations in increasing productivity is feed availability and cost.



To provide small pig producers an alternative choice to purchasing protein concentrates, tropical forages with suitability to different ecological niches were evaluated as supplement. 



The herbaceous legumes \textit{Vigna unguiculata}, \textit{Stylosanthes guianensis}, \textit{Centrosema brasilianum} and \textit{Canavalia brasiliensis} as well as the shrub legumes \textit{Cratylia argentea}, \textit{Flemingia macrophylla}, \textit{Desmodium velutinum} and \textit{Leucaena diversifolia} and the \textit{Brachiaria} hybrid Mulato II were grown in different locations in Southwest Colombia. 



Samples were taken before flowering stage, lyophilized and ground for analysis.



NDF ranged from 39--\mbox{83\,\%} of DM, median \mbox{62\,\%} and ADF from 22--\mbox{48\,\%} of DM, median \mbox{37\,\%}, with \textit{Flemingia} having the highest values in both parameters and \textit{Vigna} at the bottom line in both. Total nitrogen contents of the legumes ranged from 14--\mbox{26\,\%} CP of DM whereas the grass had only \mbox{5\,\%} CP. As protein availability is often limited due to being bound to fiber, NDF-N was determined: \mbox{71\,\%} of total nitrogen was bound to fiber in \textit{Flemingia} followed by \textit{Leucaena} (\mbox{51\,\%}) and \textit{Cratylia} (\mbox{43\,\%}), the other forages ranging between 18--\mbox{27\,\%}. Thus, summarising, non"=fiber bound CP was highest in \textit{Vigna} (\mbox{18\,\%}) followed by \textit{Cratylia} (\mbox{15\,\%}) and \textit{Canavalia} (\mbox{14\,\%}), with \textit{Flemingia} and Mulato II being lowest (both \mbox{4\,\%}).



Highest tannic acid contents (photometric determination, Folin reagent and PVPP) were found for \textit{Leucaena} and \textit{Flemingia} (5.2 and 4.9\,\% of DM resp.). \textit{Stylosanthes} and \textit{Centrosema} were clearly lower with 1.6 and \mbox{1.3\,\%} tannic acid of DM, in all other forages the content was negligible ($<$ \mbox{0.9\,\%} of DM).



From the protein and fiber content, \textit{Vigna} seems to have the highest potential to be used as herbage meal for protein supplementation without further treatment.



}

\vspace{0.5cm}
\end{abstract}
\end{center}
\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} \textit{Brachiaria} hybrid, \textit{Canavalia brasiliensis}, \textit{Centrosema brasilianum}, \textit{Cratylia argentea}, \textit{Desmodium velutinum}, \textit{Flemingia macrophylla}, \textit{Leucaena diversifolia}, pigs, protein
\index[key]{Brachiaria@\textit{Brachiaria} hybrid}
\index[key]{Canavalia brasiliensis@\textit{Canavalia brasiliensis}}
\index[key]{Centrosema brasilianum@\textit{Centrosema brasilianum}}
\index[key]{Cratylia argentea@\textit{Cratylia argentea}}
\index[key]{Desmodium velutinum@\textit{Desmodium velutinum}}
\index[key]{Flemingi}
\end{document}