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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Medium Consistency on Runner Tips Initiation and Different Growth Regulators on Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) Micropropagation},pdfauthor={Gharbia Danial, Rafail Toma, Mobasher Omer},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Boston fern, in vitro, micropropagation },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Effect of Medium Consistency on Runner Tips Initiation and Different Growth Regulators on Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) Micropropagation\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Gharbia Danial, University of Duhok, Scientific Research Center, Biology, Khane, 273~Duhok, Iraq, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{gha.2008@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Gharbia Danial$^{1}$, Rafail Toma$^{2}$, Mobasher Omer$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Duhok, Scientific Research Center, Biology, Iraq}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Duhok, College of Agriculture, Horticulture, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Duhok, Scientific Research Center, Biology, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Danial, Gharbia}
\index[author]{Toma, Rafail}
\index[author]{Omer, Mobasher}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) is considered one of the most marketable indoor pot ornamental plants. Because of the restriction of conventional propagation methods, its propagation through the \textit{in~vitro} micropropagation technology is advantageous due to the production of high quality disease free, true"=to-type plants independent of seasonal and other environmental conditions in a comparatively smaller space. In the present study an attempt was made to achieve the best medium consistency for runner tip culture initiation of Boston fern. Runner tips were surface sterilized by \mbox{3.75\,\%} commercial bleach (sodium hypochlorite) for 15 minutes. Then, 3 mm long explants were inoculated on both liquid and agar solidified media supplemented with \unitfrac[5]{mg}{l} thiamine, \unitfrac[500]{mg}{l} inositol, \unitfrac[125]{mg}{l} NaH2PO4, \unitfrac[20]{g}{l} sucrose, \unitfrac[1]{mg}{l} kinetin and \unitfrac[0.1]{mg}{l} NAA. After four weeks, a growth centre was made by each explant which were segmented into four equal pieces and inoculated on multiplication medium. The initiation stage results revealed that using liquid medium was superior upon the solid medium. At multiplication stage, the liquid medium was used with four different MS salts strengths (1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 1) supplemented with either \unitfrac[1]{mg}{l} BA or kinetin. The highest multiplication parameters were recorded at the treatment of 3/4 strength MS salts with \unitfrac[1]{mg}{l} kinetin. Using half strength MS salts was significantly better than the use of full strength MS salts for the rooting stage on agar solidified medium. The highest number of roots/ shoot (42.17 roots) and the highest mean length of roots (\mbox{1.53\,cm}) were found on auxin"=free medium, as compared with the use of different NAA concentrations. The gradually acclimatized plants were successfully transferred to the out"=air conditions and a high survival rate (\mbox{97\,\%}) was recorded.







}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Boston fern, \textit{in~vitro}, micropropagation 
\index[key]{Boston fern}
\index[key]{\textit{In~vitro}}
\index[key]{Micropropagation }
\end{document}