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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Variation in Fruits Morphology of \textit{Tilia platyphyllos} (Scope.) Natural Populations},pdfauthor={Hamed Yousefzadeh, Masoud Tabari, A. Hosseinzadeh Colagar, M. Assadi, Ali Sattarian},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Hyrcanian forests, population genetic, Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), seed morphology},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Variation in Fruits Morphology of \textit{Tilia platyphyllos} (Scope.) Natural Populations\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hamed Yousefzadeh, Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Forestry, Joybar, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{hamed_seraj20@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Hamed Yousefzadeh$^{1}$, Masoud Tabari$^{1}$, A. Hosseinzadeh Colagar$^{2}$, M. Assadi$^{3}$, Ali Sattarian$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Forestry, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of  Mazandaran, Department of Biology, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Gonbad Kavoos University, Forestry, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Yousefzadeh, Hamed}
\index[author]{Tabari, Masoud}
\index[author]{Hosseinzadeh Colagar, A.}
\index[author]{Assadi, M.}
\index[author]{Sattarian, Ali}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Tilia is the noteworthy trees in Hyrcanian forests that can live up to 500 years and grows on rich, mesotrophic or mesoeutrophic soil, fresh or moderately moist, with mull or moder humus. Unfortunately, natural populations of Tilia, are rapidly disappearing due to deforestation associated with irregular exploitation, grazing and smuggle of its wood. One of important technique for protection of in danger plant species is evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of them in natural. Morphological traits have often served as a tool for studying genetic diversity. Variations in fruits morphology in relation to their position in different altitude along longitudinal gradients were studied. To do this research, ten populations of \textit{Tilia platyphyllos} from Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan provinces selected. After doing biometrical measurements and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), Cluster Analysis based on all characters measured categorised the trees to 7 groups. Discriminat Analysis showed that among all traits studied, Size of Rib, thickness, density of down and fruits colour traits have most roles in separation of groups from each other. In group1 and 2, fruits have smooth surface and tiny shell, but group2 due to globose fruit without visible rib is different from group1. Surface dense tomentose with light brown colour is differentiator characters of group3. Prominent ribs is related to group 4 and 5 but density of down surface in group 5 is very more than group 4. The character distinguishing of group 6 is woody shell velutinous with less prominent ribs. The some trees form Dalir populations (Valley of Challous) due to its completely different form (Cup form) organised group7 .In view of  SEM, group 3 with having thread trichome differed with group 1,2,4, 6, and 7 that have forked trichome. Trees in group 5 variable in this trait, some trees have forked trichome and some others have thread trichome. In conclusion, this research report two new Form of the genus Tilia in north of Iran and it is probable the presence of other species from this genus in north of Iran.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Hyrcanian forests, population genetic, Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), seed morphology
\index[key]{Hyrcanian forests}
\index[key]{Population genetic}
\index[key]{Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)}
\index[key]{Seed!morphology}
\end{document}