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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Seasonal Changes of the External Insulation Quality in Farmed Eland- Proof of Thermal Adaptation?},pdfauthor={Hana Janoušková, Radim Kotrba},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Eland, hair density, hair length, seasonal adaptation},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Seasonal Changes of the External Insulation Quality in Farmed Eland- Proof of Thermal Adaptation?\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hana Janoušková, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Animal Sciences and Food Processing, Kamýcka 129, 16521~Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{janouskovah@seznam.cz}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Hana Janoušková$^{1}$, Radim Kotrba$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Animal Sciences and Food Processing, Czech Republic}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Department of Animal Sciences and Food Processing, Czech Republic}}}
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\index[author]{Janoušková, Hana}
\index[author]{Kotrba, Radim}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Eland (Taurotragus oryx), species originated in tropical regions of Africa, has been successfully farmed for meat production in temperate climate of the Czech Republic. The introduction of eland to colder climate raises question of thermal adaptation, because it can highly influence the growth and fattening performance. The thermal adaptation of eland is scarcely evaluated by scientists. The coat surface temperature of eland and cattle at low ambient temperature close to 0°C was comparable in recent study of Kotrba et al (2007, J. Therm. Biol. 32: 355) but the knowledge about external insulation quality in relation to seasonal changes of temperature are missing. We hypothesised that eland, in case of proper ability of thermal adaptation to temperate climate, would have longer and denser hair during cold winter than during hot summer and thus the quality of hair should negatively correlate with the coat surface temperature. We measured hair length of 65 elands and hair density of 7 elands in seven large body parts with heat exchange potential (dewlap, neck, body fore part, barrel, body hind part, fore limb, rare limb) in order to evaluate their response to mean ambient temperature which should be mainly determined by the season. The coat surface temperature was extrapolated by previously published results (Kotrba et al 2007). The hair length was different according to the body part ($p < 0.0001$), age ($p < 0.0004$) and season ($p < 0.0001$). The sex had no effect. The shortest hair was on dewlap and longest on barrel. The shortest hair had newborn calves and longest juveniles. Elands had the longest hair in winter season and the shortest in summer season on all body parts except on legs. The lowest hair density ($p < 0.0001$) was on neck and the highest on forelimb. According to age ($p < 0.0001$), the highest hair density had newborn calves and the lowest had a 10 years old male. The coat surface temperature is highly negatively correlated with the hair length on all body parts except the legs. It seems that elands farmed in temperate climate are able to react to different seasonal climatic conditions by the change of the external insulation.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Eland, hair density, hair length, seasonal adaptation
\index[key]{Eland}
\index[key]{Hair density}
\index[key]{Hair length}
\index[key]{Seasonal adaptation}
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