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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi on Height, Dry Matter and Chlorophyll Contents of Maize  (\textit{Zea Mays} L.)  in Presence of Metribuzin Herbicide},pdfauthor={Hassan Makarian, Hamid Reza Asghari, Hossein Motahari-Nejad},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Corn, herbicide, Mycorrhizae},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi on Height, Dry Matter and Chlorophyll Contents of Maize  (\textit{Zea Mays} L.)  in Presence of Metribuzin Herbicide\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Hassan Makarian, Shahrood University of Technology, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Shahrood University of Technology- P. O. Box: 36155-316 Shahrood – Iran., Shahrood, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{h.makarian@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Hassan Makarian$^{1}$, Hamid Reza Asghari$^{2}$, Hossein Motahari-Nejad$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Shahrood University of Technology, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Shahrood University of Technology, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Shahrood University of Technology, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Makarian, Hassan}
\index[author]{Asghari, Hamid Reza}
\index[author]{Motahari-Nejad, Hossein}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Interactions between herbicides and vesicular"=arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are little"=known but may differentially affect the development of plants. To determine if arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi modify the effects of the herbicide sencor (metribuzin) on maize (\textit{Zea mays} L.), a pot experiment was conducted in Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology in 2009. The experiment was carried out as completely randomised factorial design at three replications. Treatments were factorial combination of two factors :\textbf{(1)}~non mycorrhiza (control) and G. mosseae, G. intraradices and  G.  fasciculatum as mycorrhizal inoculums. \textbf{(2)}~Herbicide treatments included three levels of sencor (Metribuzin) \%70 wettable powder applied at (0, 250 and 500 g ha$^{-1}$). Maize (single cross 704) was used as test plant. Results showed that, corn above ground dry weight, height and leaf chlorophyll contents was increased significantly by mycorrhizal fungus. In non AM inoculated treatments maize above ground dry weight, height and leaf chlorophyll contents was decreased significantly by herbicide applied at the rate of 250 and 500 g ha$^{-1}$. Furthermore, height, above ground dry weight and leaf chlorophyll contents of maize was enhanced significantly in AM inoculated than non inoculated treatments when herbicide applied at the concentration of 250 g ha$^{-1}$. Three mycorrhizas species alleviated the deleterious effect of the herbicide on plant growth when applied at the rate of 250 g ha$^{-1}$. No significant differences in corn above ground dry weight, height and leaf chlorophyll contents were found among three mycorrhizas species. The results may be of practical importance, as they highlighted the potential of AM inoculation in degradation of herbicides in crop production. 



  



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Corn, herbicide, Mycorrhizae
\index[key]{Corn}
\index[key]{Herbicide}
\index[key]{Mycorrhizae}
\end{document}