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\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Effect of Priming Technique on Germination Agropyron Cristatum (L.) Gaertn under Salt and Drought Stresses with Iso- Osmotic Solutions of Peg and Nacl},pdfauthor={Behzad Behtari, Ghasemali Dianati Tilaki, Farzaneh Gholami},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn, Hydropriming, Osmopriming, Salt and drought stresses },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{The Effect of Priming Technique on Germination Agropyron Cristatum (L.) Gaertn under Salt and Drought Stresses with Iso- Osmotic Solutions of Peg and Nacl\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Behzad Behtari, Tarbiat Modares University, Natural Resources, P.O. Box. 14115-111, Tehran, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{b.behtari@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Behzad Behtari$^{1}$, Ghasemali Dianati Tilaki$^{2}$, Farzaneh Gholami$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Tarbiat Modares University, Natural Resources, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Tarbiat Modares University, Natural Resources, Iran}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Tarbiat Modares University, Natural Resources, Iran}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Behtari, Behzad}
\index[author]{Dianati Tilaki, Ghasemali}
\index[author]{Gholami, Farzaneh}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Salt and drought stresses are responsible for both inhabitation seed germination and seedling establishment. Priming has been successfully demonstrated to improve germination and seedling emergence in seeds of many crops, particularly seeds of vegetables and small seeded grasses. Although the reaction is different depending on the type of species. Hydropriming and osmopriming are commonly used methods to prime the seeds. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn provide thin and sensitive seedlings and as for the importance seeded in dry and semi"=arid regions and saline soils of the Iran, the main objective was to evaluate priming methods for increase the germination and growth parameters under salinity and drought stress. For this purpose factorial experimental completely randomised design in three replications were performed. First factor was priming treatments (control, hydropriming and osmopriming), the second factor iso"=osmotic solution (PEG and NaCl) and the third factor stress levels (zero, 4 and 8 bar). The results showed main effects of pre"=treatments priming and interactions effect (pre"=treatment, levels of stress) in germination speed was significant. at the probability level of 0.05 Stress levels, all traits except recovery percentage showed significant changes So that stress levels increased to 4 bar, percentage germination reduction \%70 and in level of 8 bar any germination was observed. In interactions effect (priming, Iso"=osmotic solution, levels of stress) speed germination and germination percentage showed significant probability level of 0.05. Generally, priming was not useful method to increase germination and growth in A. cristatum under salinity and drought stress. Whilst stress increased significantly reduce the performance of this species.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn, Hydropriming, Osmopriming, Salt and drought stresses 
\index[key]{Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn}
\index[key]{Hydropriming}
\index[key]{Osmopriming}
\index[key]{Salt!and drought stresses }
\end{document}