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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Growth Performance and Reproductive Potential of Pubertal Boars Fed Dietary Neem (\textit{Azadirachta indica} A. Juss) Kernel},pdfauthor={Olujide Sokunbi, Gabriel Egbunike},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Boars, growth performance, neem kernel, reproductive potential},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Growth Performance and Reproductive Potential of Pubertal Boars Fed Dietary Neem (\textit{Azadirachta indica} A. Juss) Kernel\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Olujide Sokunbi, University of Ibadan, Animal Science, University of Ibadan, 234~Ibadan, Nigeria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{olujide67@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Olujide Sokunbi$^{1}$, Gabriel Egbunike$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, Nigeria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Ibadan, Animal Science, }}}
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\index[author]{Sokunbi, Olujide}
\index[author]{Egbunike, Gabriel}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Neem kernel (NK), an unconventional feed source has a higher dietary energy than maize. The increasing cost of maize as a source of dietary energy for swine necessitates investigation



into alternative energy sources. The effect of partial replacement of maize with NK in swine diets on growth performance and reproductive potential of pre"=pubertal boars was investigated. A close relationship between rate of growth and proper development of the reproductive tract and daily sperm production (DSP) has been established.



Male piglets (n = 40, 56 +/- 4 d old, 14.55 +/- \mbox{1.25\,kg}) were allotted to four treatments (0, 50, 100 and \unitfrac[150]{g}{kg} NK) in a completely randomised design for 12 weeks. The influence of NK on feed intake, weigh gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and reproductive tracts characteristics and DSP of the pubertal pigs were assessed. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.



Pigs on \unitfrac[50]{g}{kg} NK diet gave better ($p < 0.05$) FCE (0.46) and PER (2.63) compared to control with 0.38 and 2.21, respectively. Pigs on \unitfrac[100]{g}{kg} NK diet gave similar FCE (0.38) but significantly ($p < 0.05$) lower PER (2.14) while those on \unitfrac[150]{g}{kg} NK diet gave significantly ($p < 0.05$) lower mean values of 0.32 and 1.77, respectively. Significant ($p < 0.05$) effects were observed for most of the reproductive parameters evaluated. Relative testes weights (\%) of 0.8, 0.7, 0.7 and 0.6 were observed for boars on 0, 50, 100 and \unitfrac[150]{g}{kg} NK diets, respectively. Similar testes density (g/ml) of 1.1 was observed at 0, 50 and \unitfrac[100]{g}{kg} NK diets, while a significant ($p < 0.05$) decrease was indicated at \unitfrac[150]{g}{kg} NK diet (0.9). DSP ($/times$10\textsuperscript{9}) was influenced negatively ($p < 0.05$) \unitfrac[150]{g}{kg} NK diets with a mean value of 0.43 compared with 0.48, 0.51 and 0.47 at 0, 50 and \unitfrac[100]{g}{kg} NK diets, respectively. 



These results indicate that Neem kernel can be included up to \unitfrac[100]{g}{kg} in growing male pigs' diet.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Boars, growth performance, neem kernel, reproductive potential
\index[key]{Boars}
\index[key]{Growth!performance}
\index[key]{Neem kernel}
\index[key]{Reproductive potential}
\end{document}