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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Post Conflict Assessment of Households Economic Losses and Food Security: Empirical Findings from North West Pakistan},pdfauthor={Fazli Rabbi, Ikramullah Ikramullah, Waliullah Waliullah, Yousaf Shah, Ilyas Khan},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agriculture losses, food insecurity, militancy, Pakistan},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Post Conflict Assessment of Households Economic Losses and Food Security: Empirical Findings from North West Pakistan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Fazli Rabbi, University of Malakand, Department of Economics, 19060~Chakdara, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{rabbi.fazli@gmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Fazli Rabbi$^{1}$, Ikramullah Ikramullah$^{1}$, Waliullah Waliullah$^{1}$, Yousaf Shah$^{2}$, Ilyas Khan$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Malakand, Department of Economics, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$NCHD, District Dir NWFP, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Fraunhofer Institute, Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Rabbi, Fazli}
\index[author]{Ikramullah, Ikramullah}
\index[author]{Waliullah, Waliullah}
\index[author]{Shah, Yousaf}
\index[author]{Khan, Ilyas}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Pakistan has been one of the most vulnerable countries in the South East Asia the recent times particularly after its perseverance struggle to root out the menace of militancy. The poor and disadvantaged areas in the country are specifically more vulnerable to militancy. As consequence, the economy of Pakistan vis-à-vis the livelihoods of the households in the conflict affected areas have been adversely affected. In general, the whole population in the conflict affected area has suffered socially and economically but small farmers for whom agriculture is the only source of income and consumption, have been exposed to the risk of huge losses in agriculture produce and food insecurity. Very recently, nearly 3 million people were internally displaced because of the fear of militancy and war against the militants. 



This paper use primary data of 180 conflict affected household in the Swat Valley and asses the households economic losses in agriculture, small business, and physical assets using qualitative and quantitative techniques. It further examines the contribution of food distribution programs to the food security in the post conflict situation using a binary Probit regression. The findings indicate that households in the study area have suffered tremendous losses in agriculture produce, cattle death, worsening business opportunities, and loss of wage work among others. The results clearly indicate that the most affected sectors of the local economy are agriculture and small business. Moreover, households' savings have tremendously reduced in the post conflict situation. The findings further indicate that households expenditure on food items has declined, which signify the role of the food distribution programs. Nevertheless, large size and unemployed households still are facing the food insufficiency in the area.



Policy makers and donor agencies need to focus particularly on programs to compensate farmers losses in agriculture and small businesses, reconstruction of the damaged shelters, and ensure the availability of food items specifically to unemployed and large size families in the conflicted affected areas so as to alleviate the severe food insecurity situation and revitalize the agriculture sector in the area, which is being a source of livelihoods for the local population. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agriculture losses, food insecurity, militancy, Pakistan
\index[key]{Agriculture losses}
\index[key]{Food!insecurity}
\index[key]{Militancy}
\index[key]{Pakistan}
\end{document}