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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Population Structure and Spatial Pattern in a Mangrove Stand of Kandelia Obovata (S., L.) Yong at Manko Wetland, Okinawa, Japan: an Interpretation with Mangrove Succession},pdfauthor={Md. Nabiul Islam Khan, Uta Berger, Akio Hagihara},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Intraspecific competition, mangrove succession, point pattern analysis, stand structure},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Population Structure and Spatial Pattern in a Mangrove Stand of Kandelia Obovata (S., L.) Yong at Manko Wetland, Okinawa, Japan: an Interpretation with Mangrove Succession\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Md. Nabiul Islam Khan, Technische Universität Dresden, Forest Biometry and Systems Analysis, Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences Tu Dresden, 01735 ~Tharandt, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{mnikhan@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Md. Nabiul Islam Khan$^{1}$, Uta Berger$^{2}$, Akio Hagihara$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Technische Universität Dresden, Forest Biometry and Systems Analysis, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Technische Universität Dresden, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan, }}}
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\index[author]{Khan, Md. Nabiul Islam}
\index[author]{Berger, Uta}
\index[author]{Hagihara, Akio}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Mangroves are forest ecosystems occurring in the inter"=tidal zone of the tropical and subtropical coasts. This paper provides a baseline characterisation of the population structure and spatial distribution patterns in a monospecific pioneer mangrove stand of Kandelia obovata. Different approaches, which are common in forest sciences and/or vegetation ecology, were used for analysing the spatial structure of the forest stands. A comparison of the results revealed that the approaches of both disciplines differ in their sensitivity to detect distribution patterns in smaller distances ($<$ \mbox{200\,cm}), but they are similar in the analyses of patterns in larger distances. In the case study, trees cluster in smaller distances, but occur in complete spatial randomness in larger distances. Clustered trees are smaller but show more heterogeneous stem diameters than observed for the whole stand. Self"=thinning had already started, leading to a more regular distribution of the trees within the clusters. The stand level patterns suggest, however, that the forest is still in an earlier stage of succession and that natural recruitment is common. The left"=skewed (negatively skewed) stem diameter size distribution supports the latter. The joint application of approaches from two disciplines provided deeper insights into the succession stage of the forest than the approaches of only one discipline would provide. This emphasises the strength of interdisciplinarity. The dynamics of spatial pattern of mangroves in relation to succession over a long period of time are also investigated using simulation modelling. The results of this study were also compared with another case study for a mangrove found in a geographically different location.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Intraspecific competition, mangrove succession, point pattern analysis, stand structure
\index[key]{Intraspecific competition}
\index[key]{Mangrove succession}
\index[key]{Point pattern analysis}
\index[key]{Stand structure}
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