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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Potentials for Marketing Organic Vegetables in the `Eating Out' Sector of Cotonou (Benin), Accra (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)},pdfauthor={Lorenz Probst, Elysée Houedjofonon, Hayford Mensah Ayerakwa},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Discrete choice, urban farming, vegetable safety, West Africa},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Potentials for Marketing Organic Vegetables in the `Eating Out' Sector of Cotonou (Benin), Accra (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Lorenz Probst, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Centre for Development Research (CDR), Gregor Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180~Vienna, Austria, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{lorenz.probst@boku.ac.at}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Lorenz Probst$^{1}$, Elysée Houedjofonon$^{2}$, Hayford Mensah Ayerakwa$^{3}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Centre for Development Research (CDR), Austria}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Département d'Economie, de Socio-Anthropologie et de Communication pour le Développement Rural, Benin}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Ghana, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Ghana}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Probst, Lorenz}
\index[author]{Houedjofonon, Elysée}
\index[author]{Ayerakwa, Hayford Mensah}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Considering overuse, abuse and misuse of synthetic pesticides in vegetable production in urban West Africa, this research investigates the perception of vegetable safety regarding pesticide contamination in the `eating out' sector of Cotonou (Bénin), Accra (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). `Eating"=out' is a trend observable in all three cities, so that food vendors represent an important group of customers of urban vegetable farming. 



We assume that awareness of pesticide contamination risks on the level of food vendors and consumers would contribute to a demand pull for risk"=reduced produce. Considering the non"=observable character of chemical contamination, quality differentiation by signalling freedom from pesticides to consumers is an option for market"=driven risk reduction. Certified organic production and marketing provides such a `signal', based on a comprehensive system of guidelines that ensure a reduction of risk regarding agro"=chemical contamination. 



To assess which vegetables are considered risk"=prone by food vendors and consumers, which attributes of vegetables determine choice by food vendors and whether vendors and their customers would be willing"=to-pay for certified `organic' vegetables, a structured questionnaire including an unlabelled choice experiment was developed. 



In each city, we applied a stratified random sampling strategy to address street food vendors, food vending spots and restaurants (total n=180). In each food business, we additionally interviewed 2 randomly selected consumers (total n=360).



Generally, awareness of pesticide contamination risks was found to be low; vendors base their choice of vegetables on fresh appearance, colour and cleanliness. Cabbage, lettuce and tomatoes are considered risk"=prone vegetables by food vendors. 



Further analysis will add to the understanding of awareness and willingness"=to-pay for a reduction of pesticide contamination risk, and thus potentially contribute to policy and extension programming in the countries.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Discrete choice, urban farming, vegetable safety, West Africa
\index[key]{Discrete choice}
\index[key]{Urban!farming}
\index[key]{Vegetables!safety}
\index[key]{West Africa}
\index[key]{Willingness"=to"=pay}
\index[key]{Vegetables!organic}
\index[key]{Marketing!vegetables}
\end{document}