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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Food Aid or Trade: Case of the Sudan},pdfauthor={Eltighani Mirghani Elamin},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food Aid, Food Security, Trade},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Food Aid or Trade: Case of the Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Eltighani Mirghani Elamin, Agricultural Policy Research Center, Min. of Science, Agricultural Economics, Shambat Street Box 30, Khartoum, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{eltighani@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Eltighani Mirghani Elamin}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Agricultural Policy Research Center, Min. of Science, Agricultural Economics, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Elamin, Eltighani Mirghani}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Abstract: The Sudan is a country which is rich in agricultural resources. Yet, Sudan continued to encounter deteriorating food production capacities, resulting in continual and often chronic food deficits especially in its western, Red Sea and southern regions. The underlying factors include recurrent droughts, degradation of natural resources and civil strife/war in many parts of the country. The situation has been accentuated by stifling macroeconomic fiscal and pricing policies including heavy taxation imposed by authorities at federal, state and local levels, as well as marketing bottlenecks, sub"=optimal farming practices and high input costs. Under such precarious production conditions, the country has been caught in an alternating mode of food surpluses and deficits whereby, provision of food aid to vulnerable segments of the population has been necessary. Accordingly, the future of Sudan's food aid hinges on a number of underlying factors. While development strategies that promote domestic food production and access are of crucial importance, food aid flows are expected to continue to form an important component. On the other hand, the Sudan is currently in the process of accession to the WTO and is undertaking major domestic policy and legislation adjustments in harmony with its disciplines and utilising concessions to least"=developed countries. While the Agreement on Agriculture with its three pillars of market access, domestic support and export subsidies provides the main guiding principles for such adjustments, reflections and outcomes of the on"=going negotiations on food aid discipline represent a major concern to Sudan's policy on food aid. The tragic truth as stated by John Kilama (June 12, 2003) is unavoidable: Africa is losing the war against famine.  Despite the enormous potential (of plant biotechnology) to improve food production, Africa is losing the war against hunger and malnutrition .  As USAID Administrator Andrew Natsios has noted, an estimated 435 million Africans could face ``severe food insecurity'' by the year 2010.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food Aid, Food Security, Trade
\index[key]{Food!Aid}
\index[key]{Food!Security}
\index[key]{Trade}
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