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\hypersetup{pdftitle={The Pastoral Role of Women in Sudan case of Butana Range Land  },pdfauthor={Huwaida Elsheikh Eltayeb Malik},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Household food security, livestock, pastoralism, women},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{The Pastoral Role of Women in Sudan case of Butana Range Land  \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Huwaida Elsheikh Eltayeb Malik, University of Khartoum, Department of Poultry Production., Shambat- Khartoum North, Khartoum, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{howida_nori@hotmail.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Huwaida Elsheikh Eltayeb Malik}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{University of Khartoum, Department of Poultry Production., Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{Malik, Huwaida Elsheikh Eltayeb}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This study was conducted to characterise the pastoral role of women in Sudan, with special reference to Wad"=hessona village in the Butana Rangeland. The main objectives of the study are to determine and identify the importance of women contribution and participation in pastoralism, in addition to their domestic work. Furthermore, the study focused on the socio"=economic situation of pastoral women and identification of dominant problems associated with pastoralism.







The data was collected through questionnaire as a measuring instrument, which have been administrated to one hundred pastoral women. The final results and findings of the study reflected a high contribution of women in pastoralism and its associated activities such as milk processing. Women spent the income generated from the pastoral activities in improving the standard of living rather than improving animal production.



Finally the study recommended that some training should be conducted in animal husbandry practices, and milk processing to gain knowledge and skills enabling them to make use of surplus milk. In addition, women should be encouraged for restocking programs through adoption of backyard systems. On the other hand micro"=credit programs could be an advantage, through provision of credits and loans for rural communities. Aiming at improvement of both production and productivity.  Women's empowerment could be strengthened through group action; formation of women service groups among rural communities can facilitate access to inputs and services. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Household food security, livestock, pastoralism, women
\index[key]{Household!food security}
\index[key]{Livestock}
\index[key]{Pastoralism}
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