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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Microbial ACC"=deaminase for Sustainable Production of Legumes},pdfauthor={Zahir A. Zahir, Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye, Sher M. Shahzad},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={ACC-deaminase, co-inoculation, PGPR, rhizobium},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\begin{document}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Microbial ACC"=deaminase for Sustainable Production of Legumes\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Zahir A. Zahir, University of Agriculture, Institute of Soil \& Environmental Sciences, Jail Road, 38040~Faisalabad, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{zazahir@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Zahir A. Zahir$^{1}$, Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye$^{2}$, Sher M. Shahzad$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Agriculture, Institute of Soil \& Environmental Sciences, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, University College of Agriculture, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Department of Soil Science, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Zahir, Zahir A.}
\index[author]{Zafar-Ul-Hye, Muhammad}
\index[author]{Shahzad, Sher M.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Co"=inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC-deaminase with \textit{Rhizobium}  have been reported to affect the growth and yield of legumes by creating additional infection sites as well as by suppressing endogenous synthesis of ethylene during the rhizobial infection. Three PGPR strains containing ACC-deaminase, one each of Pseudomonas jessani, P. fragi and Serratia fonticola, and \textit{R.~leguminosarum} were selected and characterised by conducting series of experiments under axenic condition. The selected isolates had the potential to modify the growth of lentil seedlings under axenic conditions. Pot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of these selected strains for improving growth and yield of lentil under natural conditions. Results showed that co"=inoculation of \textit{Pseudomonas} and \textit{Serratia} sp. with \textit{R.~leguminosarum} significantly increased the growth and yield of lentil. However, synergistic/co"=inoculation effect of \textit{P. jessenii} with \textit{R.~leguminosarum} was more pronounced compared to that with \textit{P. fragi} and \textit{S. fonticola}. It increased the number of pods plant$^{-1}$, number of nodules plant$^{-1}$, fresh nodule weight, dry nodule weight, grain yield and straw yield up to 76, 196, 142, 113, 150 and \mbox{164\,\%} under pot and up to 98, 98, 87, 100, 82 and \mbox{78\,\%}, respectively under field conditions as compared to un"=inoculated control. Similarly, combined inoculation caused significant increase in N concentration of grain and straw under both pot and field conditions. It is suggested that co"=inoculation with \textit{Pseudomonas} carrying ACC-deaminase activity and rhizobia could be an effective and novel approach for better growth and nodulation in lentil  as compared to simple inoculation with  either of them. However, \textit{Pseudomonas jessenii} may have better prospects to act synergistically with \textit{R.~leguminosarum} both under green house and field conditions.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} ACC-deaminase, co"=inoculation, PGPR, \textit{Rhizobium}
\index[key]{ACC-deaminase}
\index[key]{Co"=inoculation}
\index[key]{PGPR}
\index[key]{Rhizobium@\textit{Rhizobium}}
\end{document}