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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Effect of Human Activates, Climate Change and Pests and Diseases on Forest Species Biodiversity in Kordofan Region, Sudan},pdfauthor={Bashir A. El-Tahir, Kamal E. M. Fadl},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Biodiversity, endanger species, ex-situ conservation, forest ecosystems, genetic erosion, In-situ, Kordofan Region, Sudan. , threats, tree species},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Effect of Human Activates, Climate Change and Pests and Diseases on Forest Species Biodiversity in Kordofan Region, Sudan\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kamal E. M. Fadl, Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), El Obeid Research Station, 511111~El-Obeid, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{kamaleldin2001@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Bashir A. El-Tahir, Kamal E. M. Fadl}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), El-Obeid Research Station, Sudan}}}
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\index[author]{El-Tahir, Bashir A.}
\index[author]{Fadl, Kamal E. M.}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
This study was conducted to assess forest biodiversity in Kordofan Region, identify threats, and suggest measures to alleviate these threats. The study revealed that Kordofan region encompasses diverse forestry species (more than 183 trees and shrub species) both indigenous and exotic. These species play a vital role in the economy of the region. They provide almost all energy needs in terms of firewood and charcoal, timber for construction and building materials; foreign exchange from sale of gum arabic and other gums and serve as sources of non"=timber forest product for rural people. Furthermore, they are the key components for the sustainability of the traditional smallholder agricultural systems. Many biotic and a biotic factors threaten forestry biodiversity in Kordofan Region. Most important ones include: drought; soil related factors; fire; grazing; expansion of cultivation (traditional and mechanised); illicit woodcutting for timber and other domestic purposes; lack of awareness of deforestation problems; inadequate aforestation activities; inadequate forestry extension; and road construction. Tree species most affected include: \textit{Cordia africana} ``Gimbil''; \textit{Khaya senegalensis} ``Mahogany'' ; \textit{Pseudocedrela kotchii} ``Druba''; \textit{Diasporys messpliformis} ``Gughan''; \textit{Prosopis africana} ``Abu serough''; \textit{Tectonia grandis} ``Teak''; \textit{Dalbergia sisso} `` Sisso''; \textit{Dalbergia melanoxylon} ``Abanus''; \textit{Oxytenanthera abassynica} ``Ghana''; \textit{Sclerocarya birrea} ``Humeid''; \textit{Borassus aethiopium }``Daleib''; \textit{Hyphaene thebeica }``Dom''; \textit{Adansonia digitata} ``Tabaldi''; \textit{Cadaba grandulosa }``Krmut''; \textit{Salvadora persica} ``Arak''. Genetic erosion has occurred in many parts of their natural range. Measures and activities to restore, maintain, and enhance forest biodiversity in the region are suggested. High priority should be given to studies on changes of vegetation composition and extend of genetic erosion. Further effort should start by planning for the conservation of the priority species and the endangered ones and then implementation of conservational plans.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Biodiversity, endangered species, ex"=situ conservation, forest ecosystems, genetic erosion, Kordofan Region, Sudan, threats, tree species
\index[key]{Biodiversity}
\index[key]{Endangered species}
\index[key]{Ex"=situ conservation}
\index[key]{Forest!ecosystems}
\index[key]{Genetic erosion}
\index[key]{Kordofan Region}
\index[key]{Sudan}
\index[key]{Tree!species}
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