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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Conservation, Characterisation, Regeneration and Safety Duplication of Wild \textit{Vigna} Genetic Resources in Thailand},pdfauthor={Veerana Sinsawat Forrer, Sumana Ngampongsai, Arada Masari, Chaowanart  Phruetthithep, Jiraluck Bhoomthaisong, Suwimol Thanomsub, Udomwit Vaidhayakarn, Dumrong Jirasutas, Somchai Channarongkul},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Characterisation, conservation, genetic resources, regeneration, safety duplication, threats, Vigna},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Conservation, Characterisation, Regeneration and Safety Duplication of Wild \textit{Vigna} Genetic Resources in Thailand\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Veerana Sinsawat Forrer, Field Crops Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Phaholyothin Rd. 50, 10900~Chatuchak, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{veeranalein@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Veerana Sinsawat Forrer$^{1}$, Sumana Ngampongsai$^{2}$, Arada Masari$^{2}$, Chaowanart  Phruetthithep$^{2}$, Jiraluck Bhoomthaisong$^{2}$, Suwimol Thanomsub$^{1}$, Udomwit Vaidhayakarn$^{1}$, Dumrong Jirasutas$^{3}$, Somchai Channarongkul$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Field Crops Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Chai Nat Field Crops Research Centre, Field Crops Research Institute, Department of Agriculture,Thailand, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Office of the Deputy Director General, Department of Agriculture, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Office of the Director General, Department of Agriculture, Thailand}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Forrer, Veerana Sinsawat}
\index[author]{Ngampongsai, Sumana}
\index[author]{Masari, Arada}
\index[author]{Phruetthithep, Chaowanart }
\index[author]{Bhoomthaisong, Jiraluck}
\index[author]{Thanomsub, Suwimol}
\index[author]{Vaidhayakarn, Udomwit}
\index[author]{Jirasutas, Dumrong}
\index[author]{Channarongkul, Somchai}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\small{
This research is part of the conservation and utilisation of field crops genetic resources research project of the Thai DOA.  The prime aims of the project were 1) to make an inventory of known locations where \textit{Vigna} species can be found, 2) to undertake field visits to validate the findings from previous records and make recommendations to conserve the populations found in those locations for \textit{in~situ} conservation of \textit{Vigna} species and 3) to regenerate and make a safety duplication of those species under threats.  Nine surveys were carried out and covered 12 provinces of Thailand.  Found locations were recorded by a GPS.  Passport data of collected accessions were recorded.  Sixty"=five sites from previous records were searched.  It was found that 41 sites had disappeared and only 24 sites were found.  Seven \textit{in~situ} sites were newly found.  Sixty"=six samples, of plant for herbarium specimens and of seeds for \textit{ex~situ} regeneration were collected.  Species were identified by seed characters and herbarium speciemens.  The most found species were \textit{Vigna} umbellata, followed by \textit{Vigna} minima and \textit{Vigna} trinervia.  Wild \textit{Vigna} in several sites had disappeared due to threats imposed to the conservation sites, both abiotic or biotic.  Abiotic threats were such as slash"=and-burn, road expansion, urbanisation, or herbicide application.  Biotic threats were such as disease, insect pests, nematode or alleopathy effect.  Maps of wild \textit{Vigna} species distribution as well as their \textit{in~situ} sites were also displayed.  Attempt, when possible, was made to relieve threats in order to sustain these \textit{in~situ} conservation sites.  After the surveys and collections, wild \textit{Vigna} species were characterised and regenerated at Chai Nat Field Crops Research Centre for a safety duplication and sustainable use.  Seeds of each species were then divided into 4 lots.  The first lot is used as genetic materials in the \textit{Vigna} breeding programme while the second lot is safely deposited at the national genebank in Bangkok.  The third and fourth lots are for depositing in a regional genebank at AVRDC and the world newly established Svalbard genebank in Norway, respectively.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Characterisation, conservation, genetic resources, regeneration, safety duplication, threats, \textit{Vigna}
\index[key]{Characterisation}
\index[key]{Conservation}
\index[key]{Genetic resources}
\index[key]{Regeneration}
\index[key]{Safety duplication}
\index[key]{Threats}
\index[key]{Vigna@\textit{Vigna}}
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