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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Conserving Indigenous Animal Genetic Resources to Adapt to Climate Change in Mountains},pdfauthor={Khan Momen, Ur-Rahim Inam, Henri Rueff, Daniel Maselli, Saleem Mohammad , Urs Wiesmann},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Animal genetic resources, azikheli buffalo, climate adaptation, indigenous animal breed},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Conserving Indigenous Animal Genetic Resources to Adapt to Climate Change in Mountains\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Khan Momen, Landless Pastoralist Research Project, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Islamabad, Pakistan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{khankoper@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Khan Momen$^{1}$, Ur-Rahim Inam$^{2}$, Henri Rueff$^{3}$, Daniel Maselli$^{4}$, Saleem Mohammad $^{1}$, Urs Wiesmann$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Landless Pastoralist Research Project, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Central Asia, Pakistan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Bern, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), Switzerland}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$Swiss Development Cooperation, South Asian Desk, Switzerland}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Momen, Khan}
\index[author]{Inam, Ur-Rahim}
\index[author]{Rueff, Henri}
\index[author]{Maselli, Daniel}
\index[author]{Mohammad , Saleem}
\index[author]{Wiesmann, Urs}
\begin{center}
\vspace{1.1cm}
\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
There are clear signs that, with climate change, agro"=pastoralists in the Himalayan Hindu-Kush mountain range will have less cropping opportunities due to reduced possibilities for irrigated agriculture. The importance of livestock rearing may thus increase. This calls for a better documentation and understanding of the adaptation capabilities of local breeds with regard to a changing environment. Generally buffaloes are considered suitable for humid, hot and gentle riverside climates. However, in the semi"=arid Hindukush mountains the pastoral communities retain a yet un"=documented Azikheli buffalo which is well adapted to mountainous terrain and transhumance. The home tract of this breed is the Swat valley in Northern Pakistan. In comparison to other buffalo breeds, the Azikheli buffalo has a shorter stature, more consistent milk production and more efficient rebreeding. The predominantly  brown colour breed has a mean daily milk production of 7.19$\pm$0.18 liters during a 305-day standard lactation period under traditional farming system. After 90 days postpartum, \mbox{50\,\%} of Azikheli buffaloes cows express heat signs. Conception at first service is \mbox{64\,\%}, while the number of services per conception is 1.55$\pm$0.04 and mean calving interval is 489.16$\pm$5.82 days. The custodian communities in Swat valley have successfully conserved this breed with pedigree bulls. The increasing management cost to retain a bull is now however limiting the availability of quality pedigree bulls for breeding. As a consequence, a more affordable artificial insemination with semen from Nili-Ravi buffalo bull, a breed adapted to the Punjab plains, is applied, weakening thus the Azikheli breed. The lacking of support to conserve the Azikheli breed consistently reduces the capacity of the communities to sustain key productive and reproductive traits. The breed is considered to be crucial for sustaining custodian communities in the Swat valley and surrounding mountain systems. The paper to be presented is policy relevant by presenting ways for a participatory conservation and development of this unique mountain genetic resource in the Himalayan Hindukush.



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Animal genetic resources, azikheli buffalo, climate adaptation, indigenous animal breed
\index[key]{Animal!genetic resources}
\index[key]{Azikheli buffalo}
\index[key]{Climate adaptation}
\index[key]{Indigenous!animal breed}
\end{document}