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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Rural Livelihood Improvement through Traditional Orchards Development in Semi"=arid Area of Central Asia, Southern Kyrgyzstan\permil{}a Case Study of Kulundu Valley, Leylek District},pdfauthor={Vladimir Verner, Jan Banout, Zbynek Polesny, Bohdan Lojka, Jana Lojkova, Petr Ehl, Alexandr Kandakov, Bekmat Masaidov},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Environment, ethnobotany, Kyrgyzstan, Leylek district, official development assistance, orchards, participatory rural appraisal, rural development, rural livelihood, semi-arid area, solar drying},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Rural Livelihood Improvement through Traditional Orchards Development in Semi"=arid Area of Central Asia, Southern Kyrgyzstan\permil{}a Case Study of Kulundu Valley, Leylek District\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Vladimir Verner, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Prague, Czech Republic, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{vernerv@its.czu.cz}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Vladimir Verner$^{1}$, Jan Banout$^{1}$, Zbynek Polesny$^{1}$, Bohdan Lojka$^{1}$, Jana Lojkova$^{1}$, Petr Ehl$^{1}$, Alexandr Kandakov$^{1}$, Bekmat Masaidov$^{2}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech Republic}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Kyrgyz agrarian university named after K.I.Skryabin, Faculty of Agronomy, Kyrgyzstan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Verner, Vladimir}
\index[author]{Banout, Jan}
\index[author]{Polesny, Zbynek}
\index[author]{Lojka, Bohdan}
\index[author]{Lojkova, Jana}
\index[author]{Ehl, Petr}
\index[author]{Kandakov, Alexandr}
\index[author]{Masaidov, Bekmat}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Orchards, based on fruit tree species, have a long tradition in the area of Central Asia. Recently, after the decades of state"=driven agriculture development and following socioeconomic transition, people tent back towards more traditional ways of ensuring their livelihood, and orchards have now became the centre of interest. The study site, Kulundu valley, is semi"=arid area with altitude ranging from 400 to almost 2,\mbox{000\,m} above sea level. Climate in its lower part is represented by hot and dry summers and wet winters with temperatures time"=to-time decreasing bellow zero, which is very suitable for crop production. Living standard of local families, occupying six villages, is very low, especially in the terms of economic, social and food security, and among the major problems of the area belong lack of water and old irrigation systems, decreasing land quality (e.g. erosion, salination), low awareness about post"=harvest processing, storage etc. As agriculture production plays an unsubstitutable role in rural development, the objective of the project, running since 2008 within the framework of Czech Republic Official Development Assistance, is the implementation of both environmental friendly and economical viable agricultural systems---orchards, based on traditional design and tree species (e.g. Juglans regia, Dispiros kaki, Prunus sp.). Using PRA techniques and ethnobotanical screening, 29 preferential species were identified and seven of them were used for further orchards development. Total number of 35 families was targeted and \mbox{5.5\,ha} of new orchards were established with annual crops intercropping (especially Allium cepa, Tritium aestivum). Moreover, two orchards were established in natural hazards hot"=spots using environmental role of Populus sp. as a windbreak and as a tool against soil erosion and sun protection. In order to identify family resources management, living standard criteria as well as farmer's attitudes and future expectations, detailed socioeconomic analysis was carried out among 55 families using farming system approach. Regarding to post"=harvest technology development and capacity"=building, double"=pass solar dryer was installed in target area and local authorities and farmers were introduced with alternative way of drying their production and the positive effect of quality of drying for success on either local or international market.}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Environment, ethnobotany, Kyrgyzstan, Leylek district, official development assistance, orchards, participatory rural appraisal, rural development, rural livelihood, semi"=arid area, solar drying
\index[key]{Environment}
\index[key]{Ethnobotany}
\index[key]{Kyrgyzstan}
\index[key]{Leylek district}
\index[key]{Official development assistance}
\index[key]{Orchards}
\index[key]{Participatory!rural appraisal}
\index[key]{Rural!development}
\index[key]{Rural!livelihood}
\index[key]{Semi"=arid area}
\index[key]{Solar drying}
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