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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Assessing the Importance of Livestock for the Livelihoods of Rural People in South Kivu, DR Congo},pdfauthor={Wanjiku Chiuri, Rachel Zozo, Dieudonné Katunga Musale, Brigitte L. Maass},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Food security, forages, Kivu, livelihood, livestock, participatory rural appraisal, smallholder },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Assessing the Importance of Livestock for the Livelihoods of Rural People in South Kivu, DR Congo\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Brigitte L. Maass, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P.O. Box 30677, 00100~Nairobi, Kenya, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{b.maass@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Wanjiku Chiuri$^{1}$, Rachel Zozo$^{2}$, Dieudonné Katunga Musale$^{3}$, Brigitte L. Maass$^{4}$}}
\end{center}
\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Egerton University, Environmental Science, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$CIALCA, Congo, The Democratic Republic}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$CIALCA, CIAT, Congo, The Democratic Republic}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Kenya}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Chiuri, Wanjiku}
\index[author]{Zozo, Rachel}
\index[author]{Katunga Musale, Dieudonné}
\index[author]{Maass, Brigitte L.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Agriculture in the South Kivu province of DR Congo (DRC) has traditionally been characterised by mixed crop"=livestock production systems. Since time immemorial, the Kivu highlands have been covered by grasslands that have been maintained by repeated burning. These areas provided feed for cattle in transhumance systems. However, the population of large livestock has dramatically decreased since the wars in the mid 1990s. 



In order to assess agricultural activities emphasising livestock production, a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) has been conducted in two so"=called ``groupements''. Miti is located 25 km North of Bukavu at \mbox{1700\,m} asl., whereas Tubimbi is at 77 km Southwest of Bukavu, at \mbox{1100\,m} asl. During the two days each spent in each village, focus group meetings were held with overall 85 and 80 participants in Miti and Tubimibi, respectively. Thereby, villages were mapped, resource flow was depicted, seasonal calendars were developed and daily gender activity charts were recorded. A wealth classification was performed to identify the importance of livestock for the rural people. 



In Miti, \mbox{70\,\%} of participants and \mbox{95\,\%} in Tubimbi stated to hold any kind of livestock. While large livestock like cattle have lost importance, obviously small ruminants and non"=ruminants (monogastrics) have filled the gap. A considerable number of livestock"=holding participants had goats, chicken, swine and ``cobaye'' (i.e., guinea pig). In Tubimbi, aquaculture was also important. 



Most problems of livestock husbandry reported were related to diseases and theft/looting, while the need for improved forages was less in the villagers' minds. When ranking general wealth classes, livestock played an important role in both groupements. However, only owning large animals like cattle (together with land) and, to some extend, goats was regarded as an asset, whereas small livestock species like rabbits and cobaye were clearly associated with poor and very poor population groups. Livestock was mostly said to be sold to cover necessary expenses such as medicine or school fees. Resource flow from and to the two groupements with adjacent villages or more distant towns was considered more diverse in Miti, while constrictions in Tubimbi reflected the despair of people due to insecurity and multiple wars. 



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Food security, forages, Kivu, livelihood, livestock, participatory rural appraisal, smallholder 
\index[key]{Food!security}
\index[key]{Forages}
\index[key]{Kivu}
\index[key]{Livelihood}
\index[key]{Livestock}
\index[key]{Participatory!rural appraisal}
\index[key]{Smallholder}
\end{document}