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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Berkaul as the Traditional Decision"=making Process of Rice Production in Tanjung Emas, West Sumatra: Its Nature and Significance},pdfauthor={Damres Uker},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Agricultural practices and management, berkaul, rural development},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Berkaul as the Traditional Decision"=making Process of Rice Production in Tanjung Emas, West Sumatra: Its Nature and Significance\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Damres Uker, Bengkulu University, Industrial Technology of Agriculture of Agricultural Faculty, Jl Raya Kandang Limun, 38371~Bengkulu, Indonesia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{d.uker@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Damres Uker}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Bengkulu University, Industrial Technology of Agriculture of Agricultural Faculty, Indonesia}}}
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\textbf{Abstract}
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\normalsize{
Berkaul is a traditional practice associated with the rice cultivation cycle in West Sumatra, Indonesia, intended to seek consensus within the local community about agricultural practices and management of water for irrigation. There are at least four main topics to be discussed by the community that are 1) when planting will be done (this is referred to as naik benih); 2) what kind of seed will be used; 3) what rates will be paid to individuals hired to help with plowing, planting, and day labor; and 4) who will be appointed as the new Siak Bondoa. Each of these issues, as well as any others that may arise, are discussed openly, and any proposed action is put to the group, whose members may offer counter proposals after discussing the suggestion. Plans agreed to by a majority of those present are adopted, but everyone present is bound to accept these decisions as the will of the group. Berkaul is deeply rooted in the adat (custom or customary law) and worldview of the region but is much less commonly practised today than in the past and has disappeared in many parts of the region. In addition, berkaul also show democratic practices conducted by community in rural region so that sustainable production of rice could be secured. This article describes the process of berkaul in Tanjung Emas, West Sumatra, places it within the context of Minangkabau adat and tradition, and considers its value in fostering participation, empowerment, and social inclusion in the context of rural development. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Agricultural practices and management, berkaul, rural development
\index[key]{Agricultural!practices and management}
\index[key]{Berkaul}
\index[key]{Rural!development}
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