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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Evaluation of Crops Sensitivity to Total (mesosulforun+metsulforun) Herbicide Soil Residue},pdfauthor={Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel, Masoomeh Dehggan, Ghadriye Mahmoodi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Bean, corn, lentil, pea, rape, residue, sugar beet, tomato, total},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\begin{document}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Evaluation of Crops Sensitivity to Total (mesosulforun+metsulforun) Herbicide Soil Residue\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Azadi Street, Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{eizadi2000@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel, Masoomeh Dehggan, Ghadriye Mahmoodi}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Izadi Darbandi, Ebrahim}
\index[author]{Rashed Mohassel, Mohammad Hasan}
\index[author]{Dehggan, Masoomeh}
\index[author]{Mahmoodi, Ghadriye}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In order to study the sensitivity of seven crops to total herbicide soil residue, an experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in 2009 at the College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In this study 7 crops (pea, bean, lentil, corn, rape, beet and tomato), across 7 simulated soil residual concentration of total herbicide  (0.0002, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.002, 0.004 and 0.006 mg kg$^{-1}$ soil) were evaluated as a completely randomised design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. After preparation of soil samples with mentioned concentrations  transported them to 10 Cm diameter pots and crop seeds were planted. Crops emergence percentage  was determined 1 week after their emergence. Survival, shoot and root biomass production was measured 30 days after seed emergence. Plants response to total  residue was fitted with sigmoidal 3 and 4 parametric equation  to the shoot biomass data as a function of the herbicide residue concentrations and was used to calculate the residue concentration for  \mbox{50\,\%}  inhibition of plants shoot growth inhibition (ID50). Results showed, that the effect of different total residue concentration were significant ($p < 0.01$) on all plant characteristics. As total residue concentration increased, emergence, survival, shoot and root biomass production decreased  on all crops. Based on results pea and rape had a lowest(29.3, \mbox{37.55\,\%}) and highest(92.95, \mbox{88\,\%}) shoot and root dry matter lost respectively. Based on shoot ED50 parameter, corn (0.0031 mg kg\textsuperscript{-1} soil)  was the most tolerant and tomato (0.0001 mg kg\textsuperscript{-1} soil) was the most susceptible crops to total soil residue. Other crops ranked as their tolerance to total residue followed the order: rape$<$sugar beet$<$bean$<$lentil$<$tomato$<$pea$<$corn.}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Bean, corn, lentil, pea, rape, residue, sugar beet, tomato, total
\index[key]{Bean}
\index[key]{Corn}
\index[key]{Lentil}
\index[key]{Pea}
\index[key]{Rape}
\index[key]{Residue}
\index[key]{Sugar beet}
\index[key]{Tomato}
\index[key]{Total}
\end{document}