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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Investigation of  Crop Damage Caused by Soil Residual of Atlantis(Iodosulfuron + Mesosulfuron) Herbicide},pdfauthor={Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel, Masoomeh Dehggan, Ghadriye Mahmoodi},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Atlantis soil residues, bean, corn, lentil, pea, rape, sugarbeet, tomato},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\begin{document}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Investigation of  Crop Damage Caused by Soil Residual of Atlantis(Iodosulfuron + Mesosulfuron) Herbicide\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Azadi Street, Mashhad, Iran, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{eizadi2000@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi, Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohassel, Masoomeh Dehggan, Ghadriye Mahmoodi}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Agronomy, Iran}}}
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\index[author]{Izadi Darbandi, Ebrahim}
\index[author]{Rashed Mohassel, Mohammad Hasan}
\index[author]{Dehggan, Masoomeh}
\index[author]{Mahmoodi, Ghadriye}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
However soil residual of herbicides leads to the maintenance of weed control over an extended period, enhancing crops to maximise yield in response to decreased weed competition. But , when a soil"=active herbicide persists at phytotoxically active concentrations which can affect a sensitive crop beyond the growing season for the target crop, it can result in rotational crop damage. Atlantis is one of the principal herbicide using in Iranian wheat fields. To study the sensitivity of six main crops to atlantis herbicide soil residue, an experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in 2010 at the College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In this study 6 crops (pea, bean, lentil, rape, beet and tomato), across 7 simulated soil residual concentration of atlantis herbicide  (0, 0.0015, 0.0037, 0.0079, 0.015, 0.031 and 0.047 mg kg$^{-1}$ soil) were evaluated as a completely randomised design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Crops  emergence percentage  was determined 1 week after their emergence. Plants survival, shoot and root biomass production were measured 30 days after their emergence. Plants response to atlantis  residue was fitted with sigmoidal 3 and 4 parametric equation  to the shoot biomass data as a function of the herbicide residue concentrations and was used to calculate the residue concentration for  \mbox{50\,\%}  inhibition of plants shoot growth inhibition (ID50). Results showed, all mentioned plant characteristics decreased significantly ($p < 0.01$) in presence of atlantis  residue in soil. Increasing  atlantis residue concentration, decreased all crops emergence, survival, shoot and root biomass production. Pea had the lowest shoot (\mbox{49.5\,\%}) and root (56.5\,\%) biomass lost. Tomato and sugar beet had the highest shoot and root (\mbox{93.29\,\%} , \mbox{97.36\,\%}) biomass loss respectively. Based on shoot ID50 parameter, bean (0.0089 mg kg\textsuperscript{-1} soil)  was the most tolerant and tomato (0.0003 mg kg\textsuperscript{-1} soil) was the most susceptible crops to atlantis soil residues. Other crops ranked as their tolerance to atlantis residue followed the order: bean$>$pea$>$lentil$>$sugar beet$>$tomato}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Atlantis soil residues, bean, corn, lentil, pea, rape, sugarbeet, tomato
\index[key]{Atlantis soil residues}
\index[key]{Bean}
\index[key]{Corn}
\index[key]{Lentil}
\index[key]{Pea}
\index[key]{Rape}
\index[key]{Sugarbeet}
\index[key]{Tomato}
\end{document}