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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Molecular and Equivalent Weights, Minerals and Sugar Compositions  of Acacia Polyacantha Gum in Sudan },pdfauthor={Ahmed Adam Elnour, Mohamed E. Osman Elsayed, K.E.A. Ishag, Abdalla Abdelsamad Abdalla},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Acacia polyacantha, Equivalent Weights, gum, Minerals, Molecular Weight, Sugar },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Molecular and Equivalent Weights, Minerals and Sugar Compositions  of Acacia Polyacantha Gum in Sudan \footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Ahmed Adam Elnour, University of Kordofan, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry \& Gum Processing, Eljamaa Street, 51111~Elobeid, Sudan, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{ahmedrashma@yahoo.com}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Ahmed Adam Elnour$^{1}$, Mohamed E. Osman Elsayed$^{2}$, K.E.A. Ishag$^{3}$, Abdalla Abdelsamad Abdalla$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$University of Kordofan, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry \& Gum Processing, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$University of Kordofan, Gum Arabic Research Centre, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$University of Khartoum, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology, Sudan}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Kordofan, Department of Biochemistry \& Food Sceince, Sudan}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Elnour, Ahmed Adam}
\index[author]{Elsayed, Mohamed E. Osman}
\index[author]{Ishag, K.E.A.}
\index[author]{Abdalla, Abdalla Abdelsamad}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Generally gums are long chain high molecular weight polymers that dissolve or disperse in water to give thickening or gelling effect and exhibit related secondary functional properties, such as emulsification, stabilisation, and encapsulation.



Forty samples of A. polyacantha gum nodules were collected as natural exudate from A. polyacantha trees from Kadogli forests (South Kordofan State) and Eldamazine forest (Blue Nile State) during the season 2005--2006. 



The mean values of the equivalent weight and molecular weight of gums collected from Kadogli location (1397.90 and 3.29×103, respectively) was found to be higher than those from Eldamazine location (1280.20 and 3.20×103, respectively). Molecular weight of A. polyacantha is higher than that of standard gum produced from \textit{A.~senegal} trees. However, Equivelant weight lied within the range of the \textit{A.~senegal} gum.



With respect to the minerals profile, the findings revealed that sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron concentrations ranged from 41.98 to 47.23, 0.15 to 0.06, 0.43 to 0.46, 0.20 to 0.21, and 24.03 to 31.80$\mu$g g$^{-1}$ for Kadogli and Eldamazine locations, respectively. Sodium concentration of A. polyacantha gum within the range of \textit{A.~senegal} but K, Ca and Fe concentrations were higher in \textit{A.~senegal}. The differences between some minerals concentrations among two locations may be due to environmental conditions especially weather conditions and soil composition.



Chromatography analyses showed that the sugar components of the whole gum and its fractions (L+arabinose, L+rhaminose and D-galacturonic acid) were detectable. These observations were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and showed that A. polyacantha gum composed of 1.5 and 0.49 mg 100 g$^{-1}$ L+Rhaminose and L+Arabinose sugars, respectively.



Further research should be made to elucidate the molecular structure of A. polyacantha gum. Also some study findings showed promising indicator of the A. polyacantha gum as substitute of \textit{A.~senegal} one in some parameters, thus the potential uses of this gum in food and pharmaceutical industries should be examined. The gum has appropriate mineral and sugar concentrations, which could be used in the human nutrition of some community groups.



}

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Acacia polyacantha, Equivalent Weights, gum, Minerals, Molecular Weight, Sugar 
\index[key]{Acacia polyacantha}
\index[key]{Equivalent Weights}
\index[key]{Gum}
\index[key]{Minerals}
\index[key]{Molecular Weight}
\index[key]{Sugar }
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