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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Change in Rumen Fermentation Productws and Blood Urea Nitrogen of Dairy Heifer Fed with Totwl Mixed Ration Composed of Ensiled Sweet Cron By"=products with Leucaena Leaves as Roughage Source},pdfauthor={Sompong Sruamsiri, Pirote Silman, Warunee Srinuch},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={ ensiled sweet corn by-products, ammonia nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen, rumen pH, volatile fatty acids},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Change in Rumen Fermentation Productws and Blood Urea Nitrogen of Dairy Heifer Fed with Totwl Mixed Ration Composed of Ensiled Sweet Cron By"=products with Leucaena Leaves as Roughage Source\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Sompong Sruamsiri, Maejo University, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, 63 Moo. 4 Chiangmai-Maejo Road San-Sai District, 50290~Chiangmai, Thailand, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{sompong@mju.ac.th}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Sompong Sruamsiri$^{1}$, Pirote Silman$^{2}$, Warunee Srinuch$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Maejo University, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Thailand}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Maejo University, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$Maejo University, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, }}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Sruamsiri, Sompong}
\index[author]{Silman, Pirote}
\index[author]{Srinuch, Warunee}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
   Four head of crossbreed (Holstein-Friesian\,$\times$\,Native) heifer (458+\mbox{19\,kg}.BW) were permanently rumen fistulated and randomly assigned in a Latin square design to fed in four periods with one of the four total mixed ration composed of different roughage sources i.e. \textbf{(1)}~ensiled ruzi grass, \textbf{(2)}~ensiled sweet corn by"=products, \textbf{(3)}~ensiled sweet corn by"=products + \mbox{10\,\%} leucaena leaves and \textbf{(4)}~ensiled sweet corn by"=products with \mbox{20\,\%} leucaena leaves. The ratio of roughage and concentrate in the total mixed ration was 50:50. Rumen fluid and blood samples (from jugular vein) were collected during the last day of each period at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours after feeding in order to study the change in rumen fermentation products i.e. pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH$_{3}^{}$-N) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).



   The results showed that nutritive value of ensiled sweet corn by"=products was increased with increasing leucaena leaves.They could be used as roughage source in total mixed ration at the ratio of concentrate and roughage 50:50. Rumen pH, VFA, NH$_{3}^{}$-N and BUN were not different among the treatments ($p < 0.05$). However, cattle fed with sweet corn by"=products groups tended to had higher in VFA, NH$_{3}^{}$-N and BUN ($p > 0.05$) when compare to Ruzi grass silage group. Moreover, the cattle fed with ensiled sweet corn by"=products with \mbox{20\,\%} leucaena leaves (TMR 4) showed the highest in performance value. The ratio of VFA (C2:C3:C4) which resulted from the rations were found to be 69:16:12, 64:20:15, 65:20:13 and 64:20:13, respectively.Therefore the recommented of leucaena leaves levels in ensiled sweet corn by"=products is \mbox{20\,\%}.  



}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:}  ensiled sweet corn by"=products, ammonia nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen, rumen pH, volatile fatty acids
\index[key]{ ensiled sweet corn by"=products}
\index[key]{Ammonia nitrogen}
\index[key]{Blood urea nitrogen}
\index[key]{Rumen pH}
\index[key]{Volatile fatty acids}
\end{document}