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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Feed Resources in the Ethiopian Highlands},pdfauthor={Kahsay Berhe, Zerihun Woldu, Don Peden, Alemayehu Anna},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Ethiopian highlands, feed resources, land use and land cover change, livestock, metabolisable energy },pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\begin{center}
\Large{\textbf{Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Feed Resources in the Ethiopian Highlands\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Kahsay Berhe, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{k.berhe@cgiar.org}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Kahsay Berhe$^{1}$, Zerihun Woldu$^{2}$, Don Peden$^{1}$, Alemayehu Anna$^{3}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ethiopia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$Addis Ababa University (AAU), Ethiopia}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$DC Office of Planning, United States of America}}}
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\index[author]{Berhe, Kahsay}
\index[author]{Woldu, Zerihun}
\index[author]{Peden, Don}
\index[author]{Anna, Alemayehu}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
In Ethiopia, livestock contribute to about 30---\mbox{35\,\%} of the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP), 13---\mbox{16\,\%} of total gross domestic product (GDP) and more than \mbox{85\,\%} of farm cash income. The highlands, where integrated crop"=livestock production systems dominate, occupy \mbox{35\,\%} of the land and house \mbox{88\,\%} of the human population and \mbox{74\,\%} of the livestock resources. The major feed resources in the Ethiopian highlands are natural pasture and crop residues, but both availability and quality of these feed resources are low. A study conducted in the Yerer Mountain area in the Ethiopian highlands assessed the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) changes between 1971 and 2000 on feed availability. Human and livestock populations, available feed resources from the various LULC types, and livestock requirements in both years were estimated. The human population increased from 9298 to 35 940 during the intervening period, while livestock numbers increased from 10 478 to 28 435 Tropical Livestock Units. While available feed was well above the maintenance needs of stock in 1971, it supplied only \mbox{64\,\%} of the estimated requirements in 2000. The proportion of feed supplied by natural pasture decreased from 70 to \mbox{25\,\%} over the study period while that from pasture residues increased. Population growth was the major driving force behind the LULC changes, which also influenced livestock feed availability and types. Under increasing population pressure, livestock production will suffer and land degradation will occur unless strategies are developed to better integrate crop and livestock production systems. This requires integrated and multifaceted approaches for solving feed quality and quantity problems. Some possible solutions could involve agricultural research and development focusing on improving the quality of crop residues, optimising on"=farm feed resources, improving tillage systems and developing intensive livestock management systems. }

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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Ethiopian highlands, feed resources, land use and land cover change, livestock, metabolisable energy 
\index[key]{Ethiopian highlands}
\index[key]{Feed!resources}
\index[key]{Land!use and land cover change}
\index[key]{Livestock}
\index[key]{Metabolisable energy }
\end{document}