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\hypersetup{pdftitle={Diversity of Fungal Endophytes Associated with the Aboveground Parts of Maize, Sorghum and Napier Grass},pdfauthor={Juliet Akello, Nguya Kalemba Maniania, Adenirin  Chabi-Olaye, Richard A. Sikora},pdfsubject={Tropentag 2010: Abstract},pdfkeywords={Cereals, ecozones, fungal diversity, fungal endophytes, pesticides},pdfpagemode=None,colorlinks=true}
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\parbox[b]{13.4cm}{\centering \large{\textbf{Tropentag, September 14-16, 2010, Zurich}}\\[1ex] \Large{``World Food System  ---\\A Contribution from Europe''\\[2ex]}}
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\Large{\textbf{Diversity of Fungal Endophytes Associated with the Aboveground Parts of Maize, Sorghum and Napier Grass\footnote{\textbf{Contact Address:} Juliet Akello, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Walter-Flex-Str. 3 D-53113, Bonn, Germany, \mbox{e-mail}: \email{jakello@agric.mak.ac.ug}}\\[0.8ex]}}
\normalsize{\textsc{Juliet Akello$^{1}$, Nguya Kalemba Maniania$^{2}$, Adenirin  Chabi-Olaye$^{3}$, Richard A. Sikora$^{4}$}}
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\begin{itemize*}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{1}$Center for Development Research (ZEF), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Germany}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{2}$International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Plant Health Division, }}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{3}$International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Division, Kenya}}}
\item[]{\small{\textit{$^{4}$University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Germany}}}
\end{itemize*}
\index[author]{Akello, Juliet}
\index[author]{Maniania, Nguya Kalemba}
\index[author]{Chabi-Olaye, Adenirin }
\index[author]{Sikora, Richard A.}
\begin{center}
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\textbf{Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
\normalsize{
Recently, the occurrence of fungal endophytes in grasses has been documented by a number of researchers and research to establish their potential to contain damages caused by pests and diseases have been conducted in many parts of the world. However, not much work has been done on the diversity of fungal endophytes associated with the aboveground parts of cereal crops found in the tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the endophytic mycoflora of maize (\textit{Zea mays}), sorghum (\textit{Sorghum bicolor}) and Napier grass (\textit{Pennisetum purpureum}) in three agro"=ecological zones of Kenya viz., dry transitional, highland tropics and moist transitional. From each zone, 10 farms in which no pesticide was applied were randomly selected and from each farm ten plants sampled. For all the plant species, fungi were isolated from the stems and leaves. From the survey, a total of 503 fungal strains were isolated from the aboveground parts of maize, sorghum and Napier grass. Of these, 296 isolates were obtained from the leaves while the remaining 207 constituted the stem isolates. Regardless of plant species and plant part, the diversity of fungal endophytes differed across ecozones.  The diversity was highest in the highland tropics (\mbox{56.1\,\%}) followed by moist transitional (\mbox{31.0\,\%}) and least in the dry transitional area (\mbox{12.9\,\%}). Similarly, fungal diversity varied among plant species with more different fungi isolated from maize (\mbox{42.6\,\%}) and sorghum (\mbox{31.0\,\%}) compared to Napier grass (\mbox{26.4\,\%}).  Our study reveals that there is an enormous diversity of fungal endophytes within the living parts of  cereal crops grown in the tropical region of sub-Saharan Africa, however the ecosystem services provided by these fungi needs to be established.     











}

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\end{abstract}
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\noindent \textbf{Keywords:} Cereals, ecozones, fungal diversity, fungal endophytes, pesticides
\index[key]{Cereals}
\index[key]{Ecozones}
\index[key]{Fungal diversity}
\index[key]{Fungal endophytes}
\index[key]{Pesticides}
\end{document}